HALOGENOALKANI Flashcards

1
Q

KAJ SO HALOGENOALKANI

A

SO SPOJINE, KI IMAJO C-ATOME KOVALENTNO VEZAN 1 ALI VEČ ATOMOV HALOGENA

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2
Q

splošna formula halogenoalkanov

A

R-X

R je alkilna ali cikloalkilna skupina
X je halogenski atom (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I)

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3
Q

kako poimenujemo CH3Cl

A

klorometan

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4
Q

kako poimenujemo CH3CH2I

A

etil jodid

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5
Q

kako poimenujemo CHCl3

A

kloroform

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6
Q

zaporedje reaktivnosti

A

I>Br>Cl»F

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7
Q

Od česa je odvisna reaktivnost halogenoalkanov

A

od vrste halogenskega atoma in vrste radikala na katerega je vezan halogenski atom.

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8
Q

kako pridobivamo halogenealkane

A
  • s neposrednim halogeniranjem alkanov
  • z adicijo HX na alkene
  • iz alkoholov
  • s substicijo halogenov
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9
Q

kako skiciramo neposredno halogeniranje alkanov

A

R-H+X2 ———> (svetloba, povečana svetloba) R-X+HX

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10
Q

kako skiciramo adicijo HX na alkene

A

R-CH=CH2+HX —–> R-CH-CH3

X

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11
Q

kako pridobivamo halogenoalkane iz alkoholov

A

3R-OH+PCl3 —–>3R-Cl+H3PO3

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12
Q

kako pridobivamo halogenoalkane s substitucijo halogenov

A

RX+I- —->RI+X-

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13
Q

kako nastanejo polihalogeni halogenialkani

A

ko v molekulo alkana uvedemo več halogenskih atomov

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14
Q

kako reaktivni so polihalogeni halogenoalkani v primerjavi z monosubstitiranimi

A

manj

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15
Q

opiši kloroform

A

kem: CHCl3
je brezbarvna nevnetljiva tekočina, ki se ne meša z vodo in se dobro raztaplja v maščobah

povzroča izgubo zavesti in občutka za bolečino
je kancerogen (povzroča raka)
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16
Q

kaj nastane ko se kloroform oksidira na zraku in svetlobi

A

karbonilklorid (znan kot bojni strup Fosgen) in

klor

17
Q

kaj je manj strupen neprepovedan anestetik, ki se uporablja

A

diklorometan (CHCl2)

18
Q

halotan

A

CF3CHBrCL
je brezbarvna tekočina
uporablja se kot splošni inhalacijski anestetik
deluje hepototoksično (povzroča hepatitis)