DERIVATI KARBOKSILNIH KISLIN Flashcards

1
Q

Naštej derivate karboksilnih kislin

A
kislinski kloridi
anhidridi
estri
amidi
soli
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2
Q

Od koga do koga pada reaktivnost

A

KISLINSKI KLORIDI->ANHIDRIDI->ESTER->KISLINSKI AMID.>ANIONI(SOLI)

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3
Q

Opiši kislinske kloride

A

so najbolj REAKTIVNI (že v prisotnosti zračne vlage razpadejo na ustrezno karboksilno kislino in HCl)
uporabljamo jih za sintezo zdr. učinkovin

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4
Q

Kako nastane etanojska kislina

A

CH3COCl + H20 —> CH3COOH + HCl (etonoil, klorid)

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5
Q

Opiši anhidride

A

so prav tako zelo reaktivni

uporabljamo jih za sintezo zdr. učinkovin

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6
Q

Kako nastanejo anhidridi

A

iz 2 molekul kisline z odcepom vode
2CH3COOH—(-H20,H2SO4)–> CH3C0-O-COCH3 (etanojska kislina->etanojski anhidrid)

V PRISOTNOSTI VODE RAZPADEJO NA 2 MOLEKULI KISLINE

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7
Q

z kakšno končnico imenujemo estre

A

-oat

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8
Q

Kdaj nastanejo estri

A

Pri reakciji karboksilne kisline in alkohola z odcepom vode
CH3COOH+ C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H20
So pogoste strukture aktivnih iblik zdr. učinkovine

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9
Q

KISLA HIDRALIZA ETIL ETANOATA

A

CH3COOC2H5CH3COOH +C2H5OH

nastaneta karboksilna kislina in alkohol

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10
Q

ALKALNA HIDROLIZA ETIL ETANOATA

A

CH3COOC2H5(CH3COO-Na+)+C2H5OH

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11
Q

Kateri je najbolj znan zdravilen ester?

A

acetilsalicilna kislina

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12
Q

Iz česa pridobivamo amide?

A
  • karboksilne kisline
  • kislinskega klorida
  • anhididrida ALI estra
  • amonijaka
  • primarnega ALI sekundarnega amina
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13
Q

Napiši nastanek primarnega, sekundarnega in tercialnega amida

A

RCOOH+NH3->RCONH2+H20

RCOOH+R1NH2(primarni amin)->RCONH31+H20

RCOOH+R1NHR2(sekundarni amin)->RCONR2R2+H20

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14
Q

Katere zdravine učinkovine spadajo pod amide?

A
  • paracetamol

- nekateri lokalni anestetiki

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15
Q

Zakaj amidi zdravstveno delujejo dlje časa kot estri?

A

Ker jih telo težje hidrolizira

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16
Q

Opiši soli (anione)?

A

so najmanj reaktivne

se bolje topijo kot njihove spojine (soli karboksilnih kislin>kisline)