HAEMORRHAGE

Question 1

What is the HAEMORRHAGE ?

Answer 1

Escape of blood outside the cardiovascular system.

Question 2

What is the Physiological Local causes of bleeding ?

Answer 2

menstruation

Question 3

What is the General Causes of bleeding ?

Answer 3

1- Hypertension & general venous congestion
2- Blood diseases
3- Vitamin C or Vitamin K deficiency

Question 4

What isnthe effect of Chronic (repeated) external blood loss ?

Answer 4

iron deficiency anemia

Question 5

Rapid loss of Small amount (10% of blood volume):

Answer 5

No effect.

Question 6

What is the Compensation of Rapid loss of 750-1000 ml of blood (20% of blood volume) ?

Answer 6

1- catecholamines
2- renin
3- antiduretic hormone

Question 7

Rapid loss of more than 1 liter (more than 30 % of blood volume) lead to ?

Answer 7

Shock (haemorrhagic shock) (hypovolemic shock)

Question 8

What is the Definition of HAEMORRHAGE ?

Answer 8

Escape of blood outside the cardiovascular system.

Question 9

What isnthe Physiological of Local causes of bleeding ?

Answer 9

menstruation

Question 10

What is the Pathological of Local causes of bleeding ?

Answer 10

1- Traumatic injury of vessels
2- Rupture of aneurysm
3- Local venous congestion.

Question 11

What is the General Causes of bleeding ?

Answer 11

1- Hypertension & general venous congestion
2- Blood diseases
3- Vitamin C or Vitamin K deficiency

Question 12

What is the External Hemorrhage in the Respiratory tract ?

Answer 12

1- Epistaxis: bleeding from the nose.

2- Hemoptysis: coughing blood. The source of blood is the lung or bronchi.

Question 13

Epistaxis is ?

Answer 13

bleeding from the nose.

Question 14

Hemoptysis is ?

Answer 14

coughing blood.

Question 15

Hematemesis is ?

Answer 15

vomiting of blood

Question 16

Melena is ?

Answer 16

dark digested blood in stools. (black, tarry stools)

Question 17

Bleeding per rectum is ?

Answer 17

passage of red undigested blood with stools.

Question 18

Hematuria is ?

Answer 18

Blood in urine

Question 19

Example of External Hemorrhage in the Urinary tract ?

Answer 19

Hematuria: Blood in urine.

Question 20

Give example of External Hemorrhage in the Female genitalia ?

Answer 20

1- Menorrhagia

2- Metrorrhagia

Question 21

excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding ?

Answer 21

Menorrhagia

Question 22

Irregular uterine bleeding not related to menstruation ?

Answer 22

Metrorrhagia

Question 23

Example of Internal Hemorrhage ?

Answer 23

1- Hemothorax: hemorrhage into the pleural sac

2- Hemopericardium: hemorrhage in the pericardial sac.

Question 24

Example of Interstitial Haemorrhage ?

Answer 24

1- Petechial haemorrhage
2- Purpura
3- Ecchymosis: (bruises)
4- Hematoma