1 Citrculatory Edema

Question 1

What is the Definition of EDEMA ?

Answer 1

Excessive accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces &/or body cavities

Question 2

Give example of EDEMA Depending on the site ?

Answer 2

1- Ascitis: accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity.

2- Hydrothorax or Pleural effusion: accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity.

Question 3

Wht is the CAUSES and PATHOGENESIS OF EDEMA ?

Answer 3

1- Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
2- Decrease colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma
3- Increased Capillary Permeability

Question 4

In Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure the arteriolar and venular end is ?

Answer 4

33 mm Hg at arteriolar and 15 mm Hg at venular end

Question 5

forces fluid out of the vessels into the interstitial tissue spaces ?

Answer 5

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 6

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure Occurs in cases of ?

Answer 6

venous congestion

Question 7

Decrease colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma in the arteries and venous is ?

Answer 7

22 mm Hg ( generalized edema )

Question 8

Retention of sodium → retention of water leads to ?

Answer 8

increased hydrostatic pressure.

Question 9

Sodium and water retention in ?

Answer 9

renal diseases and congestive heart failure

Question 10

Lymphatic Obstruction is ?

Answer 10

localized

Question 11

Give examples of Lymphatic Obstruction that leads to edema ?

Answer 11

1- Lymphangitis and lymphadenitis.

2- Filariasis: (→ massive edema of lower limbs (elephantiasis) & external genitalia)

3- Lymphatic permeation by malignant cells as peau d’orange appearance

Question 12

edema of breast skin called ?

Answer 12

peau d’orange

Question 13

What is tje types of LOCALIZED EDEMA ?

Answer 13

1- Inflammatory Edema

2- Obstructive Edema

Question 14

Give examples of Edema due to Localized Venous Obstruction ?

Answer 14

1- Lung edema due to left sided heart failure

2- Obstruction of large vein by thrombus

Question 15

In the Edema due to lymphatic obstruction:

Lymphatic obstruction → lymphatic edema (lymphedema) → It is ?

Answer 15

Non­pitting edema

Question 16

What is tje types of GENERALIZED EDEMA (Anasarca) ?

Answer 16

1- Cardiac edema
2- Renal edema
3- Nutritional edema

Question 17

What is the Definition & Causes of Cardiac edema ?

Answer 17

is generalized edema due to Right sided heart failure.

Question 18

What is the types of renal diseases ?

Answer 18

1- Nephritic edema

2- Nephrotic edema

Question 19

What is the Nephritic edema ?

Answer 19

1- Occurs in Nephritic syndrome.
2- due to sodium and water retention.
3- starts in the eye lids then becomes generalized.

Question 20

What is the Nephrotic edema ?

Answer 20

1- Occurs in Nephrotic syndrome.
2- due to massive albuminuria resulting in hypo­proteinaemia.
3- The edema is generalized.

Question 21

Nutritional edema caused by ?

Answer 21

hypoproteinaemia

Question 22

hypoproteinaemia leads ro ?

Answer 22

Decreased osmotic pressure

Question 23

Subcutaneous edema is classified into ?

Answer 23

1- Pitting edema

2- Non-pitting edema

Question 24

What is the causes of Pulmonary Edema ?

Answer 24

Left sided heart failure

Question 25

What is the causes of Cardiac edema ?

Answer 25

due to Right sided heart failure

Question 26

What is yhe gross of Pulmonary Edema ?

Answer 26

cut section oozing frothy fluid, may be blood­tinged

Question 27

What is the gross of Edema of the brain ?

Answer 27

the brain is swollen, the sulci are narrowed and the gyri are distended