GWA Middle East Test Prt. 3 Flashcards
What is the 2nd most worshiped religion
Islam
What is the 1st most worshiped religion
Christianity
What % of the world worships Islam
24% (1.9 billion)
List five countries in Asia that predominantly worship Islam
Libya, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Yemen
Where did Islam start
In the Arabian Peninsula
Who started Islam
Muhammad
Where was Muhammad born? Year?
Mecca; 570 A.D.
What is Arab Holy City
Mecca
What religious shrine does Mecca (Holy City) contain
Kaaba
What stone does Mecca hold
Black Stone
Where do Muslims believe the Black stone came from
Was a gift sent from heaven and placed within the shrine
What was Muhammed’s job when raised by his uncle
Bedouin
Define Bedouin
Arab nomad, leading trade caravans across the desert, typically by camel
At the age of 25, who did Muhammed go to work for
Khadijah
Who is Khadijah
A widow who Muhammed eventually married
What type (mono/polytheism) did Arabs practice before
Polytheism
At the age of 40, who did Muhammed see
The angel Gabriel (at Mt. Hira)
What did Gabriel inform Muhammed of
Muhammed was to be a messenger/prophet of God
For the next 12 years after Gabriel, Muhammed informed people of the messages he was receiving. What did this information become?
The Koran (Holy book of Islam)
How is the Holy book of Islam divided up
Into Sura (chapters)
Who was ordered to write the Koran
Abu Bakar (Muslim Leader)
What were the 2 problems Islam faced
1) Most Arabs were polytheistic & refused to worship this ‘1’ God
2) Angry merchants in Mecca banned Muhammed & his followers from the city
What is God’s name to Muslims
Allah
What was the name of those who converted & followed the Muhammed
Hanifs
When did Khadijah (Muhammed’s wife) die
622 A.D.
Where did Muhammed take his followers after his wife died
Yathrib
What did Yathrib change it’s name to
Medina
What is Medina also called
“City of the Prophet”
What was the migration of the followers called
Hajira (Hagira)
What year did the migration to Medina become known as on the Muslim calendar
Year 1
What year did Muhammed take his followers back to Mecca and capture the city (after his “army” had grown)
630 A.D.
What was the Muslim war against non-believers called
Jihad
What year did Muhammed die
632 A.D.
What are elected Successors called in Islam
Caliphs (or Khalifa = successor)
What were some Caliphs
Abu Bakar, Omar, Ali
Who did the new Caliphs conquer to expand their empire
They conquered the Byzantines & Persians
How far did the Islam empire expand
Throughout North Africa & into Europe by taking over most of Spain
Which Caliph was assassinated in 661 A.D.
Ali
Who took over after Ali was assassinated
The Omayyad Family
What was the result of the Omayyad family
Division of Islam
Who did the Shia’s believe in
Believed Ali as Muhammed’s legitimate successor and were opposed to Umayyad’s rule
Who did the Sunni’s believe
Followers of the Umayyad Family and its successors
Which of the two divisions of Islam (Shia & Sunni) is larger today
Sunni’s (85%)
Where are most Shias located (countries)
Iran & Bahrain
Does Islam have priests
No
What are Jesus & Abraham considered in Islam
Prophets of God
To gain salvation, what strict moral code do Muslims have to follow (some Ex.)
No alcohol, gambling, or eating certain foods like pork
What are the Five Pillars of Islam (Defintion)
(Religious Duties) - Rules followed by all Muslims which brings unity to the Islamic world
That is the 1st Pillar of Islam
Shahadah
What is Shahadah
Statement of Faith
That is the 2nd Pillar of Islam
Salah
What is Salah
Prayer = 5 times/day & face the closest direction of Mecca)
That is the 3rd Pillar of Islam
Zakat
What is Zakat
Charity = alms(giving)
That is the 4th Pillar of Islam
Sawm
What is Sawm
Fasting = Month of Ramadan
That is the 5th Pillar of Islam
Hajj
What is Hajj
Pilgrimage = Go to Mecca (If able)
