GWA Africa Test Prt.2

Question 1

What was the goal of the Berlin conference

Answer 1

-Divide Africa among 4 European nations
-Declare the African rivers neutral & open to trade

Question 2

What was the outcome of the Berlin conference

Answer 2

-All of Africa (expect Liberia & Ethiopia) was controlled by Europeans
-Boundaries caused further Ethnic disputes

Question 3

Percentage of Europeans owning African territories during Imperialism era

Answer 3

36%- France
32%- Great Britain
8%- Germany
8%- Belgium
7%- Portugal
9%- Divided amongst other European countries

Question 4

South Africa was first explored by ____ but not colonized

Answer 4

Portugal (Portuguese)

Question 5

The fist European nation to settle in this area were

Answer 5

Netherlands (Dutch)

Question 6

In the 1800’s the ______ Empire took over this territory

Answer 6

British Empire

Question 7

The remaining Dutch farmers called ____ resented British rule & moved northward, called, problem

Answer 7

Boers, called The Great Trek, the problem was that the area was controlled by Zulu

Question 8

British soldiers aided the ____ in their battles against the _____ warriors, what was the difference in conflict

Answer 8

Boers, Zulu, technology

Question 9

Boers had successfully established their own independent republics called, where

Answer 9

Transvaal & Orange Free State; north of South Africa

Question 10

What was discovered in the the Transvaal & Orange Free State, result, outcome

Answer 10

Gold & Diamond, Boer wars occurred and the British won, 1910 the Union of South (All of South Africa was under British rule)

Question 11

Union of South Africa population breakdown

Answer 11

16%- white
70%- black
14%- Asian & other ethnic groups

Question 12

Who granted the rule, how long do they remain in control

Answer 12

Nationalists party, 1991

Question 13

1948- Nationalist party came into party and (what did they do and believe)

Answer 13

-Held strong white superiority views
-Believed in separation of classes
-Set up an apartheid

Question 14

Government classification of races by the Nationalist Party

Answer 14

1st- Whites
2nd- Non-whites

Question 15

Restriction policies of Nationalist party

Answer 15

-Only whites we allowed to vote
-Living districts for all groups
- All non-whites we required to carry an ID (passbook)

Question 16

Examples of Apartheid

Answer 16

Beaches, Benches, Schools, Etc.

Question 17

Black/non-white response

Answer 17

Peaceful Demonstrations

Question 18

How did the South African government respond to the protests

Answer 18

Used violence to put down protest

Question 19

What happened at the Sharpeville Massacre

Answer 19

69 unarmed black S. Africans were shot

Question 20

Sanctions- the rest of the world threatened to ____ trade South Africa unless they removed the restrictions of apartheid

Answer 20

stop

Question 21

What happened in 1992 and 1994

Answer 21

1992- White majority voted to end apartheid
1994- New constitution was written

Question 22

Enduring problems in S. Africa

Answer 22

Poverty, crime, education system

Question 23

Relative location of the “Horn of Africa”

Answer 23

Eastern point of Africa

Question 24

What countries are include in the “Horn of Africa”

Answer 24

Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti

Question 25

What is the % of AIDS epidemic in Africa, location

Answer 25

65% of world’s AIDS cases, sub-Sahara

Question 26

Where are “pirates” located and what do they do

Answer 26

Off the coast of the “Horn of Africa”, Hold cargo and sell it

Question 27

what was the Nazi’s plan for Madagascar

Answer 27

Make the island into a concentration camp for the Jews

Question 28

Major geographical problems w/ European Colonization & Imperialism, why

Answer 28

Boundaries, Ethnic groups had been divided

Question 29

What two major events led to the independence movement of African nations

Answer 29

WW1 & WW2

Question 30

4 independent African nations prior to 1950

Answer 30

1st- Liberia 1847
2nd- S. Africa 1910
3rd- Egypt 1922
4th- Ethiopia 1941 (Historically ind. since 1000 B.C but was occupied by Italy during WW2)

Question 31

Which decade(s) saw most of the African countries receiving independence

Answer 31

50s/60s

Question 32

What two countries got peaceful independence achieved through organized strikes or boycotts to protest colonial rule for most African nations

Answer 32

Ghana & Chad

Question 33

What countries violently protested to achieve independence

Answer 33

Algeria- 8yrs war against France, won in 1962

Angola & Mozambique- nationalistic groups used guerilla warfare against Portuguese and won in 1964

Kenya- Jomo Kenyatta led the Mau Mau in organized campaigns of violence against the British until independence was achieved in 1964

Question 34

What was the last country to be decolonized from the imperialistic era

Answer 34

Zimbabwe

Question 35

What caused boundaries to be recalled (countries and why)

Answer 35

1993- Eritrea: became independent after civil war against Ethiopia

2011- Sudan: split after civil war

Question 36

Define Pan-Africanism

Answer 36

Movement to create African unity

Question 37

Define Imperialism

Answer 37

Control by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region