GWA Africa Test Prt.2 Flashcards
What was the goal of the Berlin conference
-Divide Africa among 4 European nations
-Declare the African rivers neutral & open to trade
What was the outcome of the Berlin conference
-All of Africa (expect Liberia & Ethiopia) was controlled by Europeans
-Boundaries caused further Ethnic disputes
Percentage of Europeans owning African territories during Imperialism era
36%- France
32%- Great Britain
8%- Germany
8%- Belgium
7%- Portugal
9%- Divided amongst other European countries
South Africa was first explored by ____ but not colonized
Portugal (Portuguese)
The fist European nation to settle in this area were
Netherlands (Dutch)
In the 1800’s the ______ Empire took over this territory
British Empire
The remaining Dutch farmers called ____ resented British rule & moved northward, called, problem
Boers, called The Great Trek, the problem was that the area was controlled by Zulu
British soldiers aided the ____ in their battles against the _____ warriors, what was the difference in conflict
Boers, Zulu, technology
Boers had successfully established their own independent republics called, where
Transvaal & Orange Free State; north of South Africa
What was discovered in the the Transvaal & Orange Free State, result, outcome
Gold & Diamond, Boer wars occurred and the British won, 1910 the Union of South (All of South Africa was under British rule)
Union of South Africa population breakdown
16%- white
70%- black
14%- Asian & other ethnic groups
Who granted the rule, how long do they remain in control
Nationalists party, 1991
1948- Nationalist party came into party and (what did they do and believe)
-Held strong white superiority views
-Believed in separation of classes
-Set up an apartheid
Government classification of races by the Nationalist Party
1st- Whites
2nd- Non-whites
Restriction policies of Nationalist party
-Only whites we allowed to vote
-Living districts for all groups
- All non-whites we required to carry an ID (passbook)
Examples of Apartheid
Beaches, Benches, Schools, Etc.
Black/non-white response
Peaceful Demonstrations
How did the South African government respond to the protests
Used violence to put down protest
What happened at the Sharpeville Massacre
69 unarmed black S. Africans were shot
Sanctions- the rest of the world threatened to ____ trade South Africa unless they removed the restrictions of apartheid
stop
What happened in 1992 and 1994
1992- White majority voted to end apartheid
1994- New constitution was written
Enduring problems in S. Africa
Poverty, crime, education system
Relative location of the “Horn of Africa”
Eastern point of Africa
What countries are include in the “Horn of Africa”
Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti
What is the % of AIDS epidemic in Africa, location
65% of world’s AIDS cases, sub-Sahara
Where are “pirates” located and what do they do
Off the coast of the “Horn of Africa”, Hold cargo and sell it
what was the Nazi’s plan for Madagascar
Make the island into a concentration camp for the Jews
Major geographical problems w/ European Colonization & Imperialism, why
Boundaries, Ethnic groups had been divided
What two major events led to the independence movement of African nations
WW1 & WW2
4 independent African nations prior to 1950
1st- Liberia 1847
2nd- S. Africa 1910
3rd- Egypt 1922
4th- Ethiopia 1941 (Historically ind. since 1000 B.C but was occupied by Italy during WW2)
Which decade(s) saw most of the African countries receiving independence
50s/60s
What two countries got peaceful independence achieved through organized strikes or boycotts to protest colonial rule for most African nations
Ghana & Chad
What countries violently protested to achieve independence
Algeria- 8yrs war against France, won in 1962
Angola & Mozambique- nationalistic groups used guerilla warfare against Portuguese and won in 1964
Kenya- Jomo Kenyatta led the Mau Mau in organized campaigns of violence against the British until independence was achieved in 1964
What was the last country to be decolonized from the imperialistic era
Zimbabwe
What caused boundaries to be recalled (countries and why)
1993- Eritrea: became independent after civil war against Ethiopia
2011- Sudan: split after civil war
Define Pan-Africanism
Movement to create African unity
Define Imperialism
Control by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
