Gneetic engineering made simple Flashcards
transformed organism
organisms that have had their DNA altered by genetic engineering
genetic engineering
manipulation of an orgnaisms DNA
recombinant DNA
DNA formed by joining together DNA from differnet sources
How is GE done simple
extracting a gene from one organisms and inserting it into another organism
transgenic organism
an organisms that has been genetically engineered to include a gene from a different species
WHat are the steps of genetic engineering
- DNA fragment contianing the desired gene is obtained
- DNA fragment is inserted into the vector
- the vectors transfers the gene into bacteria
DNA fragment containing the gene is obtained
isolate dusing restriction enzymes
vector
something thats used to transfer DNA into cell
e.g. plasmids or bacteriaphages
bacteriaphage
virus that infects a bacteria
DNA ligase
joins up the sugar-phosphate backbones
ligation
DNA fragment inserted into vector
- using vecotr and DNA ligase
- DNA fragment inserted into vector DNA
- vector DNA cut open using same resitriction enzymes that was used to isolate the DNA fragment
- so the sticky ends of the vector are complementary to the sticky end of the DNA fragment containing the gene
- vecot DNA and DNA fragment are mixed together with DNA ligase
- recombinant DNA produced
vecot transfers the gene into a bacteria
- vector with recombinant DNA used to transfer the gene into bacterial cells
- if a plasmid vector is used, the cells a have to be persuaded to take in the plasmid vector and its DNA
- with a bacteriphage, the bacteriophage will infect the bacterium by injecting its DNA into
- the phage DNA then integrates into the bacterial DNA
- cells that take up the vectors are genitically enginereed, so are called transformed.
