Glycolysis Flashcards
1
Q
Where does glycolysis occur?
A
- in the cytoplasm
2
Q
What are the products of glycolysis?
A
- anaerobic process
- glucose (6C) split into two smaller pyruvate (3C) molc
- ATP and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced NAD) are also produced
- small yield
3
Q
What are the 4 main steps in glycolysis?
A
- phosphorylation
- lysis
- phospjorylation
- dehydogenation and formation of ATP
4
Q
What is the first step of glycolysis?
A
- phosphorylation
- required 2x ATP
- two Pi released from the 2 ATP, then attached to glucose molecule
- this forms hexose biphosphate
5
Q
What happens in the lysis stage?
A
- second stage
- phosphorylation destabilises the molc causing it to slip into 2x triose phosphate
6
Q
What happens in the second phosphorylation?
A
- third stage
- another phosphate group added to each triose phosphate forming 2x triose biphosphate molc
- these phosphate groups come from free inorganic Pi ions in cytoplasm
7
Q
What happens in the last stage?
A
- dehydrogenation and forming of ATP
- two triose biphosphate molc are then oxidised by the removal of hydrogen atoms
- this is dehydrogenations
- this forms to pyruvate molc
- NAD coenzymes accept the removed hydrogens - they are reducing
- forms two reduced NAD molc
8
Q
How is ATP produced
A
- 4x atp produced using phosphates from the triose biphosphate molc
9
Q
How is this substrate level phosphorylation? what is substrate level phosphorylation?
A
- formation of ATP w/o involvement of electron transport chain
- ATP formed by transfer of phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate (in this case triose biphosphate) to ADP
10
Q
How is the net gain of ATP only 2 molc ?
A
- 2 used to phosphorylate glucose
- 4 produced
- net yield of ATP from glycolysis is two molc of ATP
11
Q
What is reduced NAD used for?
A
used in later stage to synthesise more ATP
