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psychiatry shlav alef > glossary of terms > Flashcards

glossary of terms Flashcards

1
Q

acataphasia/akataphasia

A

a form of disordered speech in which thoughts cannot be expressed directly but are expressed indirectly such as by :
making a similar sound- displacement paralogia
or being derailed into another thought: derailment aralogia

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2
Q

acenesthesia

A

loss of sensation of physical existence

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3
Q

aculalia

A

nonsense speech associated with marked impairment of comprehension. occurs in mania, schizophrenia, and neurologiical deficits

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4
Q

adynamia

A

weakness and fatigability, characteristic of neurasthenia and depression

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5
Q

akinetic mutism

A

absence of voluntary motor movement or speech in a patient who is apparently alert ,( as evidenced by eye movements), seen in psychotic depression and catatonia.

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6
Q

algophobia

A

dread of pain

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7
Q

alogia

A

inability to speak because of a mental deficiency or an episode of dementia

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8
Q

amimia

A

lack of ability to make gestures or to comprehend those made by others

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9
Q

amnestic aphasia

A

also known as anomic aphasia(knows objects but cannot name them), or niminal aphasia

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10
Q

anaclictic

A

depending on others, especially as the infant on mother.

anaclictic depression in children results from an absence of mothering

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11
Q

anancasm

A

repetitious or stereotyped behavior or thought usually used as a tension relieving device; used as a synonym for obsession and seen in OCPD (anankastic personality)

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12
Q

androgyny

A

combination of culturally determined female and male characteristics in one erson

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13
Q

aphonia

A

loss of voice. seen in conversion

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14
Q

constructional apraxia

A

cannot draw two or three dimensional forms

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15
Q

apperception (????)

A

awareness of meaning and significance of a particular sensory stimuli as modifie by one’s own experiences, thoughts and emotions

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16
Q

astereognosis

A

cannot identify objects by touch

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17
Q

asyndesis

A

disorder of language in which patient combines unconncted ideas and images. commonly seen in schizophrenia

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18
Q

intrapschic ataxia

A

lack of coordination between feelings and thoughts, seen in schizophrenia and severe OCD

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19
Q

autistic thinking

A

thinking in which thoughts are largely narcissistic and sgocentric, with emphasis on subjectivity rather than objectivity, without regard for relity. used in autism and dereism. seen in schizophrenia and autistic dis.

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20
Q

blackout

A

amnesia about behavior during alcohol drinking bouts. indicates reversible brain damage

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21
Q

blocking

A

abrupt inerruption of train of thought, the person has no recall of what was being said or planned to be said.
called thought deprivation or thought latency

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22
Q

bradylalia

A

slow speech, seen in depression

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23
Q

bradylexia

A

slow reading speed

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24
Q

carebaria

A

sensation of discomfort or pressure inthe head

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25
Q

catalepsy

A

a person maintains body position into which they are placed.

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26
Q

catatonic posturing

A

voluntary assumption of an inappropriate or bizzare posture , generally maintained for long periods of time. may switch unexpectedly with catatonic excitement

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27
Q

catatonic rigidity

A

fixed and sustained motoric position that is resistant to change

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28
Q

catatonic stupor

A

stupor in which patients ordinarily are well aware of their surroundings

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29
Q

causalgia

A

burning pain that may be organic or psychic in origin

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30
Q

cenethesia

A

chnge in normal quality of feeling tone in a part of body

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31
Q

cerea flexibilitas

A

waxy flexibility

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32
Q

cluttering

A

disturbance of fluency involving an abnormally rapid rate and erratic rythm of speech that impedes intelligibility, the affected individual is usually unaware of communicative impairment

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33
Q

cognition

A

mental process of knowing an becoming aware , function is closely associated with judgement

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34
Q

coma vigil

A

coma in which patient apears to be asleep but can be roused (akinetic mutism)

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35
Q

complex

A

a feeling-toned idea

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36
Q

conation

A

part of person’s mental lide concerned with cravings, strivings, motivations, drives and wishes aas expressed though behavior and ,otor activity

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37
Q

confabultation

A

uncncsious filing of memory gaps. type of paramnesia

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38
Q

decompensation

A

deterioration of psychic functioning caused by a breakdown of defense mechanisms

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39
Q

deja entendu

A

illusion that what’s heard haas been heard before (type of paramnesia)

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40
Q

deja pense

A

new thought is falsely interpreted as repetition of same thought in the past . type of paramnesia

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41
Q

derailment

A

gradual or sudden deviation of train of thought without blocking. wometimes used synonymously with loosening of associations

42
Q

dereism

A

mental activity that follows a totally subjective and idiosyncratic system of logic and fails to take the facts into consideration. seen in schizophrenia, panic attacks and dissociative disorders

43
Q

dipsomania

A

comulsion to drink alcoholic beverages

44
Q

dysgeusia

A

impaired sense of taste

45
Q

dyslalia

A

faulty articulation caused y structural abnormalities of articulatory organs or impaired hearing

46
Q

dysmegaloplasia

A

a distortion in which size and shape of objects is misperceived. alice in wonderland syn.

47
Q

eidetic image

A

usually vivid or exact mental image of objects previously seen or imagined

48
Q

evasion

A

act of not facing up to , or strategically eluding something, consists of supressing an idea that is next in a thought series and repacing it with another idea closely related to it, also called paralogia and perverted logic

49
Q

externalization

A

more general term than projection that refers to tendency to perceive in the external world and in external objects elements of one’s own personlaity, including instinctual impulses, conflicts, moods, attitues and styles of thinking

50
Q

fausse reconnaissance

A

false recognition, a feature of aramnesia. can occur in delusional disorders.

51
Q

floccilation

A

aimless plucking or picking ususally at bedclothes or clothingm commny seen in dementia and delirium

52
Q

folie a trois

A

shared psychotic disorder by 3

53
Q

glossolalia

A

uninteligible jargon that has meaning to the speaker but not to the listener.

54
Q

guilt

A

feeling of culpability that stems from a conflict between ego annd superego(conscious)

55
Q

haptic hallucination

A

delusion f touch

56
Q

hebephrenia

A

complex of symptomsm cinsidered a form of schizohrenia (=disorganised), characterized by silly behavior, mannerisms, inappropriate affect, transient and unsystematized delusions and hallucinations.

57
Q

holophrastic

A

using a single word to express combination of ideas. seen in schizophrenia

58
Q

hyperacusis

A

extreme sensitivity to touch

59
Q

hyperalgesia

A

extreme sensitivity to pain seen in somatoform dis.

60
Q

hyperesthesia

A

extreme sensitivity to touch

61
Q

hyperpragia

A

exessive thinking and mental activity, generally associated with manic episodes of bipolar 1

62
Q

hypsthesia

A

diminished sensitivity to tactile stimulation

63
Q

impaired judgement

A

diminished ability to understand a situation correctly and to act appropriately

64
Q

incorporation

A

primitive unconscious defense mechanism in which the psychic representation of another person or aspects of another person are assimilated into oneself through a figurative process of symblic oral ingestion,represents a special form of introjection and is the earliest mechanism of identification.

65
Q

ineffability

A

ecstatic state in which persons insist that their experience in inexpressible and indescribable and that it is impossible to convey what it is like to one who never experienced it.

66
Q

initial insomnia

A

seen in anxiety states

67
Q

jargon aphasia

A

aphasia in which the words produced are neologistic; that is, nonsense words are created by the patient

68
Q

judgement

A

a mental act of comparing or evaluating choices within the framework of a given set of values for the purpose of electing a course of action. in the course of action chosen is consnant with reality or with mature adult standards of behavior- in is intact.

69
Q

lethologica

A

momentary forgetting of a name or proper noun

70
Q

lilliputian hallucination

A

type of illusion- micropsia

71
Q

localized amnesia

A

also called lacunar amnesia or patched amnesia

72
Q

logoclonia

A

repeated use of the same word.

73
Q

logorrhea

A

pressured coherent speech- tachylogia, verbomania, vlubility

74
Q

magical thinking

A

a form f dereism- thoughts /words/actions assume power to create or prevent event.

75
Q

metonymy

A

usasge of a word or phrase that is related to the proper one but is not the one ordinariy used(exple- consuming a menu instead of a meal, r losing a piece of string instead of thread of conversatino). seen in schizophrenia,
compare- word approximation, paraphasia

76
Q

mimicry

A

simle, imitative motion activity of childhood

77
Q

monomania

A

mental state characterized by preoccupation with one subject

78
Q

negatavism

A

verbal or nonverbal opposition or resistance to outside suggestions nd advice, or actively resisting movement or requests.

79
Q

noesis

A

revelation in which immense illumination occurs in association with a sense that one has been chosen to lead and command.

80
Q

paraphasia

A

sustitution of words by approximate meaning/sound/mophology

e.g. treen instead of train

81
Q

parapraxis

A

freudian slip

82
Q

perseveration

A

repetiion of same response to different stimuli

ot persistent repetition of specific words or concepts in the process of speaking

83
Q

posturing

A

strange, fixed and bizzare bodily positions held by a patient for an extended time

84
Q

poverty of content of speech

A

normal amount, butbut conveys little information (vaguness, emptiness, stereotyped phrases)

85
Q

poverty of speech

A

restrctionof amount of speech, replies may be monosyllabic. laconic speach

86
Q

pseudodementia

A
  1. dementia like dis. that can be reversed by apropriate treatment and is not caused by organic disease
  2. condition in which patients show exaggerated indifference to their surroundings in the absence of a mental dis.
87
Q

reaction formation

A

closely related to repression. a socialized attitude that is a direct antithesis of and infantile wish

88
Q

types of repression

A
  1. repression proper- repressed material was once in concsious domain
  2. primal repression- was never in conscious realm
89
Q

satyriasis

A

morbid insatiable sexual desire in men (in women- nymphomania)

90
Q

scotoma

A

a blind pot in psychological awareness

91
Q

sensory extinction

A

failure to report one of two simultaneously presented sensory stimuli, despite the fact that either stimuli alone is correctly reported (also called sensory inattention)

92
Q

shame

A

failure to live up to self expectations, often associated with fantasy of how person will be seen by others

93
Q

somatopagnosias

A

inability to recognize a part of one’s body as ones own- ignorance, autotopagnosia

94
Q

substituion

A

unconscious defense mechanism in which a person replaces an unacceptable wish/drive/emotion or idea with one that is more acceptable

95
Q

synesthesia

A

stimulation of one sensory modality is perceived in different modality

96
Q

syntactical aphasia

A

characterized by difficulty in understanding spoken speech, associated with gross disorder of thought and speech

97
Q

terminal insomnia

A

waking up 2 hours before planned

98
Q

trailing phenomenon

A

perceptual abnormality associated with hallucinogenic drugs in which moving objects are seen as a series of discrete and discontinous images

99
Q

twilight state

A

disturbed consciousness with hallucinations

100
Q

twirling

A

signpresent in autistic children who continuall rotate in the direction iin which their head is turned

101
Q

vegetative signs

A

in depression- characteristic symptoms such as sleep disturbance (especially early awakening), decreased appetite, constipation, weight loss, loss of sexual response.

102
Q

verbigeration

A

meaningless and stereotyped repetition of words or phraes , seen in schizophrenia= cataphasia.

psychiatry shlav alef (22 decks)

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