glossary of terms Flashcards
acataphasia/akataphasia
a form of disordered speech in which thoughts cannot be expressed directly but are expressed indirectly such as by :
making a similar sound- displacement paralogia
or being derailed into another thought: derailment aralogia
acenesthesia
loss of sensation of physical existence
aculalia
nonsense speech associated with marked impairment of comprehension. occurs in mania, schizophrenia, and neurologiical deficits
adynamia
weakness and fatigability, characteristic of neurasthenia and depression
akinetic mutism
absence of voluntary motor movement or speech in a patient who is apparently alert ,( as evidenced by eye movements), seen in psychotic depression and catatonia.
algophobia
dread of pain
alogia
inability to speak because of a mental deficiency or an episode of dementia
amimia
lack of ability to make gestures or to comprehend those made by others
amnestic aphasia
also known as anomic aphasia(knows objects but cannot name them), or niminal aphasia
anaclictic
depending on others, especially as the infant on mother.
anaclictic depression in children results from an absence of mothering
anancasm
repetitious or stereotyped behavior or thought usually used as a tension relieving device; used as a synonym for obsession and seen in OCPD (anankastic personality)
androgyny
combination of culturally determined female and male characteristics in one erson
aphonia
loss of voice. seen in conversion
constructional apraxia
cannot draw two or three dimensional forms
apperception (????)
awareness of meaning and significance of a particular sensory stimuli as modifie by one’s own experiences, thoughts and emotions
astereognosis
cannot identify objects by touch
asyndesis
disorder of language in which patient combines unconncted ideas and images. commonly seen in schizophrenia
intrapschic ataxia
lack of coordination between feelings and thoughts, seen in schizophrenia and severe OCD
autistic thinking
thinking in which thoughts are largely narcissistic and sgocentric, with emphasis on subjectivity rather than objectivity, without regard for relity. used in autism and dereism. seen in schizophrenia and autistic dis.
blackout
amnesia about behavior during alcohol drinking bouts. indicates reversible brain damage
blocking
abrupt inerruption of train of thought, the person has no recall of what was being said or planned to be said.
called thought deprivation or thought latency
bradylalia
slow speech, seen in depression
bradylexia
slow reading speed
carebaria
sensation of discomfort or pressure inthe head
catalepsy
a person maintains body position into which they are placed.
catatonic posturing
voluntary assumption of an inappropriate or bizzare posture , generally maintained for long periods of time. may switch unexpectedly with catatonic excitement
catatonic rigidity
fixed and sustained motoric position that is resistant to change
catatonic stupor
stupor in which patients ordinarily are well aware of their surroundings
causalgia
burning pain that may be organic or psychic in origin
cenethesia
chnge in normal quality of feeling tone in a part of body
cerea flexibilitas
waxy flexibility
cluttering
disturbance of fluency involving an abnormally rapid rate and erratic rythm of speech that impedes intelligibility, the affected individual is usually unaware of communicative impairment
cognition
mental process of knowing an becoming aware , function is closely associated with judgement
coma vigil
coma in which patient apears to be asleep but can be roused (akinetic mutism)
complex
a feeling-toned idea
conation
part of person’s mental lide concerned with cravings, strivings, motivations, drives and wishes aas expressed though behavior and ,otor activity
confabultation
uncncsious filing of memory gaps. type of paramnesia
decompensation
deterioration of psychic functioning caused by a breakdown of defense mechanisms
deja entendu
illusion that what’s heard haas been heard before (type of paramnesia)
deja pense
new thought is falsely interpreted as repetition of same thought in the past . type of paramnesia
derailment
gradual or sudden deviation of train of thought without blocking. wometimes used synonymously with loosening of associations
dereism
mental activity that follows a totally subjective and idiosyncratic system of logic and fails to take the facts into consideration. seen in schizophrenia, panic attacks and dissociative disorders
dipsomania
comulsion to drink alcoholic beverages
dysgeusia
impaired sense of taste
dyslalia
faulty articulation caused y structural abnormalities of articulatory organs or impaired hearing
dysmegaloplasia
a distortion in which size and shape of objects is misperceived. alice in wonderland syn.
eidetic image
usually vivid or exact mental image of objects previously seen or imagined
evasion
act of not facing up to , or strategically eluding something, consists of supressing an idea that is next in a thought series and repacing it with another idea closely related to it, also called paralogia and perverted logic
externalization
more general term than projection that refers to tendency to perceive in the external world and in external objects elements of one’s own personlaity, including instinctual impulses, conflicts, moods, attitues and styles of thinking
fausse reconnaissance
false recognition, a feature of aramnesia. can occur in delusional disorders.
floccilation
aimless plucking or picking ususally at bedclothes or clothingm commny seen in dementia and delirium
folie a trois
shared psychotic disorder by 3
glossolalia
uninteligible jargon that has meaning to the speaker but not to the listener.
guilt
feeling of culpability that stems from a conflict between ego annd superego(conscious)
haptic hallucination
delusion f touch
hebephrenia
complex of symptomsm cinsidered a form of schizohrenia (=disorganised), characterized by silly behavior, mannerisms, inappropriate affect, transient and unsystematized delusions and hallucinations.
holophrastic
using a single word to express combination of ideas. seen in schizophrenia
hyperacusis
extreme sensitivity to touch
hyperalgesia
extreme sensitivity to pain seen in somatoform dis.
hyperesthesia
extreme sensitivity to touch
hyperpragia
exessive thinking and mental activity, generally associated with manic episodes of bipolar 1
hypsthesia
diminished sensitivity to tactile stimulation
impaired judgement
diminished ability to understand a situation correctly and to act appropriately
incorporation
primitive unconscious defense mechanism in which the psychic representation of another person or aspects of another person are assimilated into oneself through a figurative process of symblic oral ingestion,represents a special form of introjection and is the earliest mechanism of identification.
ineffability
ecstatic state in which persons insist that their experience in inexpressible and indescribable and that it is impossible to convey what it is like to one who never experienced it.
initial insomnia
seen in anxiety states
jargon aphasia
aphasia in which the words produced are neologistic; that is, nonsense words are created by the patient
judgement
a mental act of comparing or evaluating choices within the framework of a given set of values for the purpose of electing a course of action. in the course of action chosen is consnant with reality or with mature adult standards of behavior- in is intact.
lethologica
momentary forgetting of a name or proper noun
lilliputian hallucination
type of illusion- micropsia
localized amnesia
also called lacunar amnesia or patched amnesia
logoclonia
repeated use of the same word.
logorrhea
pressured coherent speech- tachylogia, verbomania, vlubility
magical thinking
a form f dereism- thoughts /words/actions assume power to create or prevent event.
metonymy
usasge of a word or phrase that is related to the proper one but is not the one ordinariy used(exple- consuming a menu instead of a meal, r losing a piece of string instead of thread of conversatino). seen in schizophrenia,
compare- word approximation, paraphasia
mimicry
simle, imitative motion activity of childhood
monomania
mental state characterized by preoccupation with one subject
negatavism
verbal or nonverbal opposition or resistance to outside suggestions nd advice, or actively resisting movement or requests.
noesis
revelation in which immense illumination occurs in association with a sense that one has been chosen to lead and command.
paraphasia
sustitution of words by approximate meaning/sound/mophology
e.g. treen instead of train
parapraxis
freudian slip
perseveration
repetiion of same response to different stimuli
ot persistent repetition of specific words or concepts in the process of speaking
posturing
strange, fixed and bizzare bodily positions held by a patient for an extended time
poverty of content of speech
normal amount, butbut conveys little information (vaguness, emptiness, stereotyped phrases)
poverty of speech
restrctionof amount of speech, replies may be monosyllabic. laconic speach
pseudodementia
- dementia like dis. that can be reversed by apropriate treatment and is not caused by organic disease
- condition in which patients show exaggerated indifference to their surroundings in the absence of a mental dis.
reaction formation
closely related to repression. a socialized attitude that is a direct antithesis of and infantile wish
types of repression
- repression proper- repressed material was once in concsious domain
- primal repression- was never in conscious realm
satyriasis
morbid insatiable sexual desire in men (in women- nymphomania)
scotoma
a blind pot in psychological awareness
sensory extinction
failure to report one of two simultaneously presented sensory stimuli, despite the fact that either stimuli alone is correctly reported (also called sensory inattention)
shame
failure to live up to self expectations, often associated with fantasy of how person will be seen by others
somatopagnosias
inability to recognize a part of one’s body as ones own- ignorance, autotopagnosia
substituion
unconscious defense mechanism in which a person replaces an unacceptable wish/drive/emotion or idea with one that is more acceptable
synesthesia
stimulation of one sensory modality is perceived in different modality
syntactical aphasia
characterized by difficulty in understanding spoken speech, associated with gross disorder of thought and speech
terminal insomnia
waking up 2 hours before planned
trailing phenomenon
perceptual abnormality associated with hallucinogenic drugs in which moving objects are seen as a series of discrete and discontinous images
twilight state
disturbed consciousness with hallucinations
twirling
signpresent in autistic children who continuall rotate in the direction iin which their head is turned
vegetative signs
in depression- characteristic symptoms such as sleep disturbance (especially early awakening), decreased appetite, constipation, weight loss, loss of sexual response.
verbigeration
meaningless and stereotyped repetition of words or phraes , seen in schizophrenia= cataphasia.
