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1.1 Histology, Anatomy and Physiology > Gastrointestinal Tract - Large Intestine > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Tract - Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the large intestine also called?

A

The colon

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2
Q

How many parts are there to the large intestine?

A

Four

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3
Q

What are the four parts of the large intestine called?

A

Ascending colon

Transverse colon

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

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4
Q

List the functions of the large intestine.

4

A

Little absorption

Compaction

Elimination/defecation

Motility

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5
Q

What is the name of the contractions in the large intestine?

A

Haustral contractions

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6
Q

What are haustral contractions?

A

Slow segmental movements occurring every 30 minutes in haustra

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7
Q

What are haustra?

A

They are little pockets in large intestine responsible for compaction

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8
Q

What are mass movements?

2

A

Subconscious process that moves everything through large intestine

They move contents into the rectum - initiates the process of defecation by activating the gastrocolic reflex

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9
Q

How often do mass movements occur in the intestines?

A

3,4 times a day

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10
Q

What is the gastrocolic reflex?

A

The reflex that initiates the process of defecation

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11
Q

Describe the mucosa of the large intestine.

5

A

Simple columnar epithelium

Absence of villi

Presence of goblet cells

Deep intestinal glands

Taenia Coli

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12
Q

What are the taenia coli?

A

Three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons

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13
Q

What percentage of total absorption is carried out in the large intestine?

A

10% of the large intestine

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14
Q

What do goblet cells secrete in the large intestine?

A

Alkaline mucous

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15
Q

What is mucus needed for in the large intestine?

A

For lubrication and pH neutralisation

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16
Q

How is water absorbed in the large intestine?

A

By the action of the hormone aldosterone

17
Q

What do bacteria do in the large intestine?

A

They generate vitamin K (needed for clotting)

18
Q

What type of bacteria are found in the large intestine?

A

Colonic bacteria

19
Q

What triggers the urge to defecate?

A

Distension of the rectum

20
Q

What does the distension of the rectum trigger?

A

The defecation reflex

21
Q

Describe the anal sphincter.

2

A

Internal - smooth muscle - involuntary

External - skeletal muscle - voluntary

1.1 Histology, Anatomy and Physiology (40 decks)

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