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1.1 Histology, Anatomy and Physiology > Endocrine System - Pancreas > Flashcards

Endocrine System - Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What four actions can trigger endocrine release?

A

Humoral stimuli

Hormonal stimuli

Neural stimuli

Negative feedback

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2
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

Where a stimulus triggers the hormone, then the hormone reduces the strength of the stimulus

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3
Q

What found in the pancreas produce insulin and glucagon?

A

Islets of Langerhans

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4
Q

What is produced by the islets of langerhans?

2

A

Insulin

Glucagon

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5
Q

Describe the appearance, structure and positioning of the pancreas.
(2)

A

A flattened organ situated posterior and slightly inferior to the stomach

Divided into an endocrine and exocrine portion

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6
Q

How is the endocrine pancreas arranged?

A

As clusters of cells called the Islets of Langerhans

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7
Q

How many types of cells are found in the islets of Langerhans?

A

Four

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8
Q

Name the four types of cells found in the islets of Langerhans.

A

Alpha
Beta
Delta
F cells

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9
Q

What is the role of alpha cells?

A

Alpha cells that secrete glucagon

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10
Q

What is the role of beta cells?

A

Beta cells that secrete insulin

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11
Q

What is the role of delta cells?

A

They secrete growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) also known as Somatostatin

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12
Q

What is growth hormone inhibiting hormone also known as?

A

Somatostatin

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13
Q

What is somatostatin?

A

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone

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14
Q

What is the role of f cells?

A

F cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide

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15
Q

What type of cells secrete glucagon?

A

Alpha cells

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16
Q

What type of cells secrete insulin?

A

Beta cells

17
Q

What type of cells secrete somatostatin?

A

Delta cells

18
Q

What type of cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide?

19
Q

Explain the role of glucagon in the body

2

A

Increases blood glucose levels by accelerating gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver

Mobilizes fat from adipose tissue and glycogen from muscle

20
Q

What processes are accelerated by glucagon?

A

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogenolysis

21
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

Creation of new glucose

22
Q

Explain the role of insulin.

3

A

Accelerates the entry of glucose into cells

Promotes use of glucose for energy and storage of extra glucose as glycogen or lipids

Stimulating lipogenesis and protein synthesis

23
Q

What two processes are stimulated by insulin?

A

Lipogenesis

Protein synthesis

24
Q

What cells are not insulin dependent?

4

A

Brain cells

Kidney cells

GIT epithelia

RBCs

25
Q

What is lipogenesis?

A

Fatty acid production from excess glucose

1.1 Histology, Anatomy and Physiology (40 decks)

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