Gastrointestinal System - Small Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

How long does it take for food to reach the small intestine?

A

Either minutes or hours depending on what youve eaten

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2
Q

What is the first part of the small intestine called?

A

The dudodenum

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3
Q

How does food enter the small intestine?

A

It is squirted into the duodenum as chyme

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4
Q

What is the smallest part of the intestine called?

A

The duodenum

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5
Q

How long is the duodenum?

A

Only a couple of cm long

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6
Q

What is the duodenum often called?

A

The ‘mixing bowl’

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7
Q

Other than chyme what enters the duodenum?

2

A

secretions from other accessory organs such as;

Bile

Pancreatic juice

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8
Q

What is the main role of the duodenum?

A

To neutralise chyme/gastric acid

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9
Q

Where does bile come from?

A

Liver

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10
Q

Other than from the liver and pancreas, from where does the duodenum accept secretions?

A

Brunner’s glands

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11
Q

What do the Brunner’s glands secrete?

A

Alkaline mucous secretions

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12
Q

What is the middle part of the small intestine called?

A

The jejunum

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13
Q

What is the role of the jejunum?

2

A

Chemical digestion

Nutrient absorption

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14
Q

How long is the jejunum?

A

2.5m long

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15
Q

What is special about the tissue in the jejunum?

A

They form small villi

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16
Q

What is the final part of the small intestine called?

17
Q

How long is the ileum?

A

3.5meters long

18
Q

What are the main functions of the ileum?

2

A

To absorb vitamin B12

To absorb bile salts

19
Q

What is the final part of the ileum called?

A

The ileocecal valve

20
Q

What is the function of the ileocecal valve?

A

It acts as a sphincter that controls the flow of material from the ileum into the large intestine

21
Q

What is the largest part of the small intestine called?

22
Q

List the layers to the tissue of the small intestine?

4

A

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis Externa

Serosa

23
Q

How is the mucosa of the small intestine specialised?

2

A

The mucosa has a ‘brush-border’

The epithelia are simple columnar epithelia with microvilli

24
Q

What type of epithelia are present in the small intestine?

A

Simple columnar epithelia with microvilli

25
Describe the submucosa in the small intestine. | 2
Brunner's glands are present Crypts are present
26
Describe the Brunner's glands. | 3
They are deep glands They open into crypts The crypts reach all the way down to the muscularis externa
27
What is secreted by the Brunner's glands?
Alkaline fluid and enterogasterones
28
Why do the Brunner's glands need to secrete an alkaline fluid? (2)
To lower the pH of chyme This ensures that enzymes can work