Gastrointestinal System - Small Intestine

Question 1

How long does it take for food to reach the small intestine?

Answer 1

Either minutes or hours depending on what youve eaten

Question 2

What is the first part of the small intestine called?

Answer 2

The dudodenum

Question 3

How does food enter the small intestine?

Answer 3

It is squirted into the duodenum as chyme

Question 4

What is the smallest part of the intestine called?

Answer 4

The duodenum

Question 5

How long is the duodenum?

Answer 5

Only a couple of cm long

Question 6

What is the duodenum often called?

Answer 6

The ‘mixing bowl’

Question 7

Other than chyme what enters the duodenum?

2

Answer 7

secretions from other accessory organs such as;

Bile

Pancreatic juice

Question 8

What is the main role of the duodenum?

Answer 8

To neutralise chyme/gastric acid

Question 9

Where does bile come from?

Answer 9

Liver

Question 10

Other than from the liver and pancreas, from where does the duodenum accept secretions?

Answer 10

Brunner’s glands

Question 11

What do the Brunner’s glands secrete?

Answer 11

Alkaline mucous secretions

Question 12

What is the middle part of the small intestine called?

Answer 12

The jejunum

Question 13

What is the role of the jejunum?

2

Answer 13

Chemical digestion

Nutrient absorption

Question 14

How long is the jejunum?

Answer 14

2.5m long

Question 15

What is special about the tissue in the jejunum?

Answer 15

They form small villi

Question 16

What is the final part of the small intestine called?

Answer 16

The ileum

Question 17

How long is the ileum?

Answer 17

3.5meters long

Question 18

What are the main functions of the ileum?

2

Answer 18

To absorb vitamin B12

To absorb bile salts

Question 19

What is the final part of the ileum called?

Answer 19

The ileocecal valve

Question 20

What is the function of the ileocecal valve?

Answer 20

It acts as a sphincter that controls the flow of material from the ileum into the large intestine

Question 21

What is the largest part of the small intestine called?

Answer 21

The ileum

Question 22

List the layers to the tissue of the small intestine?

4

Answer 22

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis Externa

Serosa

Question 23

How is the mucosa of the small intestine specialised?

2

Answer 23

The mucosa has a ‘brush-border’

The epithelia are simple columnar epithelia with microvilli

Question 24

What type of epithelia are present in the small intestine?

Answer 24

Simple columnar epithelia with microvilli

Question 25

Describe the submucosa in the small intestine.

2

Answer 25

Brunner’s glands are present

Crypts are present

Question 26

Describe the Brunner’s glands.

3

Answer 26

They are deep glands

They open into crypts

The crypts reach all the way down to the muscularis externa

Question 27

What is secreted by the Brunner’s glands?

Answer 27

Alkaline fluid and enterogasterones

Question 28

Why do the Brunner’s glands need to secrete an alkaline fluid?
(2)

Answer 28

To lower the pH of chyme

This ensures that enzymes can work