Forms of Communication - Communication and Relational Practice Flashcards

1
Q

Conveyed verbally, nonverbally, concretely, and symbolically.

A

Messages

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2
Q

Entails the use of spoken or written words.

A

Verbal communication

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3
Q

___ language is a code that conveys specific meaning through a combination of words.

A

Verbal

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4
Q

When a nurse cares for a patient who speaks another language, the services of an ___ may be necessary.

A

interpreter

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5
Q

May sound like a foreign language to patients and should be used only with other IPC practitioners.

A

Medical jargon

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6
Q

Children have more limited ___ than do adults and may use special words to describe bodily functions or a favourite blanket or toy. Teenagers often use words in unique ways that are unfamiliar to adults.

A

vocabularies

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7
Q

The interpretation of a word’s meaning influenced by the thoughts, feelings, or ideas that people have about the word. Families who are told that a loved one is “in serious condition” may believe that death is near, but to the nurse serious may simply describe the nature of the condition.

A

Connotative meaning

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8
Q

Messages are conveyed more successfully when sent at an appropriate speed or ___.

A

pace

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9
Q

Improved by thinking before speaking and by developing awareness of the cadence of your speech.

A

Pacing

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10
Q

Tone of voice.

A

Intonation

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11
Q

Dramatically affects the meaning of a message.

A

Intonation (tone of voice)

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12
Q

Depending on ___, even a simple question or statement can express enthusiasm, anger, concern, or indifference.

A

intonation

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13
Q

To avoid sending unintended messages, be aware of your ___ of voice. For example, patients may interpret a nurse’s ___ of voice as condescending, and further communication may be inhibited.

A

tone

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14
Q

This in a patient is relevant to communication and may provide information about his or her emotional state or energy level.

A

Tone of voice

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15
Q

Effective communication that is simple, brief, and direct refers to:

A

clarity and brevity.

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16
Q

Speaking slowly, enunciating clearly, and using examples to make explanations easier to understand.

A

Clarity

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17
Q

Repeating important parts of a message also ___ communication.

A

clarifies

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18
Q

Achieved by using short sentences and words that express an idea simply and directly. “Where is your pain?” is much better than “I would like you to describe for me the location of your discomfort.” Fewer words result in less confusion.

A

Brevity

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19
Q

Phrases such as “you know” or “okay?” at the end of every sentence detract from ___, as well as professionalism.

A

clairty

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20
Q

___ is critical in communication. Even though a message is clear, poor ___ can limit its effectiveness. For example, you should ___ begin routine teaching when a patient is in severe pain, is in emotional distress, or is distracted by pressing matters.

A

Timing / timing / not

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21
Q

Often the best time for interaction is when a patient expresses an interest in communicating. If messages are ___ or important to the situation at hand, communication is more effective. For example, when a patient is facing emergency surgery, discussing the risks of smoking is ___ relevant than explaining preoperative procedures.

A

relevant

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22
Q

___ communication makes use of all five senses and refers to transmission of messages that do not involve the spoken or written word.

A

Nonverbal

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23
Q

Researchers have estimated that approximately 7% of meaning is transmitted by words, 38% by vocal cues, and 55% by ___ body cues.

A

nonverbal

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24
Q

Serves to accent, complement, contradict, regulate, repeat, or substitute for verbal messages.

A

Nonverbal communication

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25
Q

Unconsciously motivated and thus reflects a person’s intended meaning more accurately than spoken words.

A

Nonverbal communication

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26
Q

When verbal and nonverbal communication are incongruous, the receiver usually “hears” the nonverbal message as the ___ message.

A

true

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27
Q

All kinds of nonverbal communication are important, but interpreting them is often difficult. ___ background is a major influence on the meaning of nonverbal behaviour. Nonverbal messages between people of different cultures are easily misinterpreted. Because the interpretation of nonverbal behaviour is subjective, it is important to ___ its perceived meaning.

A

Sociocultural / check

28
Q

___ nonverbal messages is an important communication skill that is highly consequential to patient assessment and nursing care.

A

Assessing

29
Q

Includes physical characteristics, facial expression, manner of dress and grooming, and adornments.

A

Physical appearance

30
Q

These factors help communicate physical well-being, personality, social status, occupation, religion, culture, and self-concept.

A

Physical appearance

31
Q

Nurses learn to develop a general impression of patient health and emotional status through ___ and patients develop a general impression of the nurse’s professionalism and caring in the same way.

A

appearance

32
Q

Posture and ___ are forms of self-expression.

A

gait

33
Q

The ways that people ___, stand, and move reflect attitudes, emotions, self-concept, and health status. For example, an erect posture and a quick, purposeful gait communicate a sense of well-being and confidence. Leaning forward conveys ___. A slumped posture and a slow, shuffling gait may be indicative of depression, illness, discomfort, or fatigue.

A

sit / attention

34
Q

Convey emotions such as surprise, fear, anger, happiness, and sadness.

A

Facial expressions

35
Q

Some people have an expressionless face, or flat affect, which reveals ___ about what they are thinking or feeling.

A

little

36
Q

A facial expression that does not match the content of a verbal message—for example, smiling when describing a sad situation. People are sometimes unaware of the messages their expressions convey. For example, a nurse may frown in concentration while doing a procedure and the patient may interpret this as anger or disapproval.

A

Incongruent affect

37
Q

Although it is hard to control all facial expression, the nurse should try to ___ showing shock, disgust, dismay, or other distressing reactions in the patient’s presence.

A

avoid

38
Q

People signal readiness to communicate through ___ ___.

A

eye contact

39
Q

Among many European and American people, maintaining eye contact during conversation shows respect and willingness to ___.

A

listen

40
Q

Allows people to closely observe one another.

A

Eye contact

41
Q

Lack of ___ ___ may indicate anxiety, defensiveness, discomfort, or lack of confidence in communicating.

A

eye contact

42
Q

Among some Asian and Aboriginal people, ___ ___ may be considered intrusive, threatening, or harmful.

A

eye contact

43
Q

Eye ___ can also communicate feelings and emotions. Standing above a person (looking downward) conveys authority, whereas interacting at the same eye level indicates equality in the relationship. Rising to the same eye level as an angry person communicates self-assertion.

A

movements

44
Q

Emphasize, punctuate, and clarify the spoken word, and they may communicate volumes when speech is not possible.

A

Gestures

45
Q

Carry specific meanings and create messages (e.g. a finger pointed toward a person may communicate several meanings, but when accompanied by a frown and stern voice, it conveys an accusation or a threat whereas pointing to an area of pain may be more accurate than verbally describing the location).

A

Gestures

46
Q

Sighs, moans, groans, or sobs that communicate feelings and thoughts and when combined with other nonverbal communication, help send messages.

A

Sounds

47
Q

Sounds can be interpreted in several ways: ___ often suggests boredom or anxiety, ___ may convey pleasure or suffering, and ___ may communicate happiness, sadness, or anger.

As a nurse you need to ___ such nonverbal messages with the patient in order to interpret them accurately.

Simply ___ the sound, such as stating, “I hear you sighing so strongly,” can impart concern and listening to what is not spoken.

A

sighing / moaning / crying

validate

noticing

48
Q

The need to gain, maintain, and defend one’s right to their space.

A

Personal space

49
Q

Important because it provides people with a sense of identity, security, and control.

A

Personal space

50
Q

Can be distinguished and made visible to other people, as with a fence around a yard or a curtain around a bed in a hospital room.

A

Personal space

51
Q

Invisible and individual, connoting boundaries beyond the physical territory.

A

Personal space

52
Q

___ such as physical or emotional space can be defended just like another sort of fence or barrier. Some people choose when to open the gate of a fence, and others simply leave it wide open, taking whatever comes through.

A

Boundaries

53
Q

When it becomes threatened, people respond defensively and communicate less effectively.

A

personal space

54
Q

Before entering a patient’s personal space, it is essential that you prepare both your patient and the environment. By ___ to your patient what you will do and preparing the environment for nursing interventions, your patient will recognize a shift toward the establishment of therapeutic interaction. You need to convey confidence, gentleness, and respect for ___, especially when your actions will require intimate contact or involve a patient’s vulnerable zone.

A

explaining / privacy

55
Q

(0 to 45cm)

Holding a crying infant

Performing physical assessment

Bathing, grooming, dressing, feeding, and toileting a patient

Changing a patient’s dressing

A

Intimate zone

56
Q

(45cm - 1m)

Sitting at a patient’s bedside

Taking the patient’s health history

Teaching an individual patient

Exchanging information with health care staff at change of shift

A

Personal zone

57
Q

(1m - 4m)

Participating in patient-centred care rounds

Sitting at the head of a conference table

Teaching a class for patients with a specific disease

Conducting a family support group session

A

Social zone

58
Q

(4m and greater)

Speaking at a community forum

Testifying at a legislative hearing

Lecturing to a class of students

A

Public zone

59
Q

Assess for permission to touch.

A

Social zone

60
Q

Touching hands, arms, shoulders, and back.

A

Social zone

61
Q

Touching mouth, wrists, feet (consent needed).

A

Consent zone

62
Q

Touching face, neck, front of body (consent and special care needed).

A

Vulunerable

63
Q

Touching genitalia and rectum (consent and great sensitivity needed).

A

Intimate zone

64
Q

The verbal and nonverbal symbolism used to convey meaning. For exmaple, art and music are forms of this communication that nurses use to enhance understanding and promote healing.

A

Symbolic communication

65
Q

A broad term that refers to all factors that influence how a message is perceived by other people. It is communication about communication that reflects the relational aspects of messages and helps people better understand what has been communicated.

A

Metacommunication

66
Q

The nurse observes a young patient holding his body rigidly, and his voice is sharp as he says, “going to surgery is no big deal.” The nurse replies, “You say having surgery doesn’t bother you, but you look and sound tense. I’d like to help.” Awareness of the tone of the verbal response and the nonverbal behaviour may result in further exploration of the patient’s feelings and concerns.

This is an example of:

A

Metacommunication