Basic Elements of the Communication Process - Communication and Relational Practice Flashcards
Ongoing, dynamic, and multidimensional process.
Communication (process)
Basic Elements of the Communication Process
An active process between sender and receiver.
Communication
Motivates one person to communicate with another.
Referent
In a health care setting, sights, sounds, odours, time schedules, messages, objects, emotions, sensations, perceptions, ideas, and other cues trigger ___.
communication
When a nurse knows the ___ that triggered communication, she or he can develop and organize messages for effective communication.
stimulus
The person who encodes and delivers the message.
Sender
Person who receives and decodes the message.
Receiver
Puts ideas or feelings into a form that can be transmitted and is responsible for accuracy and emotional tone.
Sender
Their message acts as a referent for the receiver, who is responsible for attending to, decoding, and responding to the their message.
Sender
Sender and receiver roles are ___ and change back and forth as people interact; sometimes sending and receiving even occur simultaneously.
fluid
The more the sender and receiver have in common and the ___ their relationship, the more likely they will accurately perceive one another’s meaning and respond accordingly.
closer
The content of the communication.
Message
It contains verbal, nonverbal, and symbolic expressions of thoughts or feelings that are transmitted from the sender to the receiver.
Message
Personal ___ sometimes distort the receiver’s interpretation of the message.
perceptions
Two nurses can provide the same information and yet convey very different ___ according to their personal communication styles. One nurse can send the same ___ to two people and be understood differently by each.
messages / message
You can send effective ___ by expressing yourself clearly, directly, and in a manner ___ to the receiver.
messages / familiar
By watching the listener for ___ cues that suggest confusion or misunderstanding, you can determine whether the message needs to be clarified.
nonverbal
Communication can be difficult when participants have different levels of education and experience. “Your incision is well approximated without purulent drainage” means the same as “Your wound edges are together, with no signs of infection,” but the latter is easier to ___.
understand
You must be sure patients can ___ before you send messages in writing.
read
Means of conveying and receiving messages through visual, auditory, and tactile senses.
Channels
Facial expressions send visual messages, spoken words travel through auditory ___, and touch crosses tactile ___.
channels x2
The more ___ the sender uses to convey a message, the more clearly the message is usually understood. For example, when teaching about insulin self-injection, the nurse talks about and demonstrates the technique, gives the patient printed information, and encourages hands-on practice with the vial and syringe. Nurses use verbal, nonverbal, and mediated (technological) communication channels. They send and receive information in person; by informal or formal writing; over the telephone or pager; by audio and video recording; and through fax, email, and interactive electronic or social networking media.
channels
The message returned by the receiver.
Feedback
It indicates whether the intended meaning of the sender’s message was understood by the receiver.
Feedback
Senders need to seek verbal and nonverbal ___ to ensure that clear communication has occurred.
feedback
To be effective, the sender and receiver must be sensitive and ___ to each other’s messages, clarify the messages, and modify behaviour accordingly. In a social relationship, both participants assume equal responsibility for seeking openness and clarification, but in the nurse–patient relationship, this responsibility is primarily the ___.
open / nurse
Characteristics within both the sender and receiver that influence communication; people perceive events differently. For example, a nurse might say, “You have been very quiet since your family left. Is something on your mind?” One patient might perceive the nurse’s question as showing caring and concern; another might perceive the nurse as being intrusive.
Interpersonal variables
It is the responsibility of the ___ to seek out the variables and contexts that will communicate sensitively and effectively.
nurse
Include educational and developmental levels, sociocultural backgrounds, values and beliefs, emotions, gender, physical health status, and roles and relationships.
Interpersonal variables
___ associated with illness, such as pain, anxiety, and medication effects, can also affect nurse–patient communication and should all be considered in communication choices.
Variables
Setting for sender–receiver interaction.
Environment
For effective communication, the ___ should meet nurse and patient needs for physical and emotional comfort and safety.
environment
Noise, temperature extremes, distractions, and lack of privacy or space create confusion, tension, and discomfort. ___ distractions are common in health care settings and interfere with messages sent between people. Establishing as comfortable an ___ as possible to create favourable conditions for effective communication is a role of the nurse.
Environmental / environment
