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Physiology > Finals: Exam 3 Review > Flashcards

Finals: Exam 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the antagonist of PTH

A

calcitonin

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2
Q

Which cells makes bone in response to calcitonin?

A

Osteoblast

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3
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

bone is hardened with calcium phosphate cyrstal

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4
Q

osteoclasts

A

resorb bone in response to PTH

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5
Q

Which one does thyroid gland does not secrete:?

a. Thyroxine
b. Triiodothyronine
c. Calcitonin
d. Parathyroid Hormone

A

d. Parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

Which one makes growth hormone?

A

anterior pituitary

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7
Q

Insulin like growth hormone (IGF) are similar to pro-insulin because it mediates many of GH’s effects are called?

A

somatomedin

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8
Q

b cells are destroyed by autoimmune attack; thus beta cells secrete little or no insulin is what type diabetes?

A

type 1 diabetes

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9
Q

Normal blood Glucose range

A

50-175

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10
Q

ACTH cause release of?

A

cortisol

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11
Q

What kind of hormone is it if it enhances responsiveness of a target organ to 2nd hormone?

A

Permissive

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12
Q

What is passage of digested end products into blood or lymp

A

absorption

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13
Q

liver - detoxification liver can remove hormones, drugs and other biological active molecules from blood by phagocytosis by?

A

kupffer cells

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14
Q

Which is responsible for the color yellow in urine?

A

Urobilinogen

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15
Q

Liver helps regulate blood glucose by removing it from blood or releasing it to blood via

A

glycogenesis and lipogenesis

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16
Q

liver helps regulate blood glucose by producing it via

A

glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

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17
Q

bile acids forms bile salts that aggregate as micelles: forms tiny droplets of fat isolated in bile salt micelles

A

emulsification

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18
Q
  1. Normal PCO2 systemic arterial blood has about 100 mmHg and systemic veins 40 mmHG
A

false

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19
Q
  1. Which one is the most crucial for breathing/primary drive to breathe
A

a. PCO2 because of its affect in pH

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20
Q
  1. Hyperventilation causes
A

a. Low CO2 and pH rises

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21
Q
  1. Low Blood PO2 leads to (need to breathe)
A

a. Hypoxic drive

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22
Q
  1. Which one is mediated by stretch receptors activated during inspiration and inhibits respiratory centers to prevent over inflation of lungs
A

a. Hering-Breuer reflex

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23
Q
  1. Carbon monoxide is dangerous/lethal because
A

a. Hemoglobin bond to carbon monoxide is 210 stronger than bond with O2

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24
Q
  1. Which blood type has no antibody
A

a. AB

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25
Q
  1. Erythroblastosis fetalis is a problem when
A

a. Mother has Rh- and baby has Rh+

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26
Q
  1. Endothelial cells secrete prostacyclin and NO that inhibit platelet aggregation and are vasodilators T or F
A

a. True

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27
Q
  1. Endothelial cell membranes have enzyme _____ whose active site faces blood and converts ADP into AMP and Pi
A

a. CD39

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28
Q
  1. Which one creates platelet plug in damaged vessel
A

a. Platelet release reaction

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29
Q

Which hormone antagonizes the effect of growth hormone –

a. Insulin
b. Glucagon

A

a. Insulin

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30
Q
  1. The symptoms of hyperthyroidism
    a. Increase growth
    b. Increase plasma t4 levels
    c. Increase heartrate
    d. All of the above
A

d. All of the above

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31
Q

Atrial kick –

A

a. phase 1

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32
Q

Atrial contraction –

A

a. phase 1

33
Q

First heart sound –

A

a. phase 2

34
Q

Rapid ejection into aorta and pulmonary arteries

A

a. Phase 3

35
Q

Ventricular repolarization

A

a. Phase 4

36
Q

2nd heart sound

A

a. Phase 5

37
Q

Av valves open ventricular filling begins

A

a. Phase 6

38
Q

Ventricle is about 90% filled by this case

A

a. Phase 7

39
Q

Is not a Function of liver

a. Bile storage
b. Protein synthesis
c. Detoxification of blood
d. Carbohydrate metabolism
e. Lipid metabolism

A

a. Bile storage

40
Q

Not a Function of adrenal cortex

a. Ca+ regulation
b. Reproductive regulation
c. Glucose metabolism
d. Na+ and K+ balance

A

a. Ca+ regulation

41
Q

Which is most important hormone for control of blood Ca2+ levels

A

a. PTH

42
Q

Occurs after long exposure to high levels of polypeptide hormone after a subsequent exposure to this hormone produce a lesser response due to decrease in # of receptors on targets

A

a. Desensitization (down regulation)

43
Q

Lipid hormone receptors are called

A

a. Nuclear hormone receptors – serve as transcription factors

44
Q

________ consists of 2 half sites that 2 ligand bound receptors have to bind to each to produce dimerization which stimulates transcription of target gene.

A

a. HRE (hormone response element)

45
Q

Which is secreted by anterior pituitary and is inhibited by low blood glucose

a. IGF
b. Somatopedin
c. Somatomedin
d. GH

A

d. GH

46
Q

Which causes ovulation and secretion of testosterone in testes

A

a. LH – luteinizing hormone

47
Q

Which promotes H2O conservation by kidneys produced in hypothalamus stored and release by posterior pituitary

A

a. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

48
Q

Stimulates lipolysis and helps with conversion of fatty acids to ketone bodies

A

a. Glucagon

49
Q

Which stimulates insertion of Glut4 transporters in cell membrane of skeletal, muscle, liver and fat.

A

a. Insulin

50
Q

What is the cell that synthesizes hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate)

a. Osteoblast
b. Osteoclast
c. Osteocytes
d. Osteosarcoma

A

c. Osteocytes

51
Q

Parathyroid gland secretes

A

a. PTH

52
Q

What directly stimulates intestinal absorption of Ca2+

A

a. Vitamin D3

53
Q

Liver conjugates steroid hormones and ________ (foreign biologically active molecules) which can be transported into bile or urine by multispecific organic anion transport carriers

A

a. Xenobiotics

54
Q

Liver helps regulate blood glucose by producing it via

A

a. Glycogenolysis

55
Q

In SI, endopeptidases cleave peptide bonds in

A

a. Interior of polypeptides

56
Q

T or F: free fatty acids, monoglycerides, and lysocithin leave micelles and enter epithelial cells, where they are resynthesized into triglycerides and phospholipids and not transported directly into blood like sugars and aa’s

A

a. True

57
Q

Gas exchange between blood and tissues, and O2 use by tissue

A

a. Internal respiration

58
Q

Sea level pressure is 760mmHG and intrapleural pressure is 757 mmHG and intrapulmonary pressure is 754mmHG what will happen?

A

a. Inspiration (low pressure, high volume)

59
Q

What is responsible for surface tension ST

A

a. Water

60
Q

Surfactant prevent st from…?

A

a. Collapsing alveoli

61
Q

____ is amount of air expired/breath in quiet breathing

A

a. Tidal volume

62
Q

Occurs from inhalation of particles <6um in size, such as black lung disease (anthracosis) from coal dust

A

a. Pulmonary fibrosis

63
Q

T or F PCO2 has to fall about half (from ~ 100mmHg and 70mmHG) before ventilation is significantly affected

A

a. False (PO2)

64
Q

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is affected by changes in

A

a. Hb-O2 affinity caused by pH and temp (Bohr effect = affinity decreases when pH decreases)

65
Q

What is aplastic anemia

A

a. Due to destruction of bone marrow

i. Pernicious anemia: b-12 deficiency

66
Q

amount of blood ejected from ventricles during systole

A

a. Stroke volume

67
Q

Plateau phase results from

A

a. Balance between slow Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux

68
Q

T or F: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of action potential of the heart

A

a. False, it is a recording of electrical activity of heart

69
Q

T or F: QRS complex is caused by ventricular repolarization

A

a. F, it is caused by ventricular depolarization

70
Q

Myocardial ischemia is most commonly due to? Myocardial infarction (MI) is caused by?

A

a. Myocardial ischemia: atherosclerosis

b. Myocardial infarction: prolonged periods of ischemia resulting in necrosis

71
Q

Contraction of myocardial cells is uncoordinated and pumping ineffective

A

a. Fibrillation

72
Q

Involve in aligning physiology with sleep and wake cycle and seasons

A

a. Pineal gland

73
Q

Often released in response to stress including fasting and exercise where it supports affects of glucagon

A

a. Cortisol

74
Q

Stimulated by decreased blood glucose and increase amino acid

A

a. Growth hormone

75
Q

What is Pneumothrorax

A

collapsed lung

76
Q

Which hormones goes to most tissues

A

GH

77
Q

secrete melatonin in response to activity of the hypothalamus

A

Pineal Gland

78
Q

Ductless; discrete organs whose primary function is to produce and secrete hormones

A

Endocrine glands

Physiology (27 decks)

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