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Physiology > Finals: Exam 3 Review > Flashcards

Finals: Exam 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the antagonist of PTH

A

calcitonin

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2
Q

Which cells makes bone in response to calcitonin?

A

Osteoblast

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3
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

bone is hardened with calcium phosphate cyrstal

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4
Q

osteoclasts

A

resorb bone in response to PTH

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5
Q

Which one does thyroid gland does not secrete:?

a. Thyroxine
b. Triiodothyronine
c. Calcitonin
d. Parathyroid Hormone

A

d. Parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

Which one makes growth hormone?

A

anterior pituitary

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7
Q

Insulin like growth hormone (IGF) are similar to pro-insulin because it mediates many of GH’s effects are called?

A

somatomedin

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8
Q

b cells are destroyed by autoimmune attack; thus beta cells secrete little or no insulin is what type diabetes?

A

type 1 diabetes

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9
Q

Normal blood Glucose range

A

50-175

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10
Q

ACTH cause release of?

A

cortisol

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11
Q

What kind of hormone is it if it enhances responsiveness of a target organ to 2nd hormone?

A

Permissive

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12
Q

What is passage of digested end products into blood or lymp

A

absorption

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13
Q

liver - detoxification liver can remove hormones, drugs and other biological active molecules from blood by phagocytosis by?

A

kupffer cells

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14
Q

Which is responsible for the color yellow in urine?

A

Urobilinogen

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15
Q

Liver helps regulate blood glucose by removing it from blood or releasing it to blood via

A

glycogenesis and lipogenesis

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16
Q

liver helps regulate blood glucose by producing it via

A

glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

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17
Q

bile acids forms bile salts that aggregate as micelles: forms tiny droplets of fat isolated in bile salt micelles

A

emulsification

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18
Q
  1. Normal PCO2 systemic arterial blood has about 100 mmHg and systemic veins 40 mmHG
A

false

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19
Q
  1. Which one is the most crucial for breathing/primary drive to breathe
A

a. PCO2 because of its affect in pH

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20
Q
  1. Hyperventilation causes
A

a. Low CO2 and pH rises

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21
Q
  1. Low Blood PO2 leads to (need to breathe)
A

a. Hypoxic drive

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22
Q
  1. Which one is mediated by stretch receptors activated during inspiration and inhibits respiratory centers to prevent over inflation of lungs
A

a. Hering-Breuer reflex

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23
Q
  1. Carbon monoxide is dangerous/lethal because
A

a. Hemoglobin bond to carbon monoxide is 210 stronger than bond with O2

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24
Q
  1. Which blood type has no antibody
A

a. AB

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25
8. Erythroblastosis fetalis is a problem when
a. Mother has Rh- and baby has Rh+
26
9. Endothelial cells secrete prostacyclin and NO that inhibit platelet aggregation and are vasodilators T or F
a. True
27
10. Endothelial cell membranes have enzyme _____ whose active site faces blood and converts ADP into AMP and Pi
a. CD39
28
11. Which one creates platelet plug in damaged vessel
a. Platelet release reaction
29
Which hormone antagonizes the effect of growth hormone – a. Insulin b. Glucagon
a. Insulin
30
13. The symptoms of hyperthyroidism a. Increase growth b. Increase plasma t4 levels c. Increase heartrate d. All of the above
d. All of the above
31
Atrial kick –
a. phase 1
32
Atrial contraction –
a. phase 1
33
First heart sound –
a. phase 2
34
Rapid ejection into aorta and pulmonary arteries
a. Phase 3
35
Ventricular repolarization
a. Phase 4
36
2nd heart sound
a. Phase 5
37
Av valves open ventricular filling begins
a. Phase 6
38
Ventricle is about 90% filled by this case
a. Phase 7
39
Is not a Function of liver a. Bile storage b. Protein synthesis c. Detoxification of blood d. Carbohydrate metabolism e. Lipid metabolism
a. Bile storage
40
Not a Function of adrenal cortex a. Ca+ regulation b. Reproductive regulation c. Glucose metabolism d. Na+ and K+ balance
a. Ca+ regulation
41
Which is most important hormone for control of blood Ca2+ levels
a. PTH
42
Occurs after long exposure to high levels of polypeptide hormone after a subsequent exposure to this hormone produce a lesser response due to decrease in # of receptors on targets
a. Desensitization (down regulation)
43
Lipid hormone receptors are called
a. Nuclear hormone receptors – serve as transcription factors
44
________ consists of 2 half sites that 2 ligand bound receptors have to bind to each to produce dimerization which stimulates transcription of target gene.
a. HRE (hormone response element)
45
Which is secreted by anterior pituitary and is inhibited by low blood glucose a. IGF b. Somatopedin c. Somatomedin d. GH
d. GH
46
Which causes ovulation and secretion of testosterone in testes
a. LH – luteinizing hormone
47
Which promotes H2O conservation by kidneys produced in hypothalamus stored and release by posterior pituitary
a. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
48
Stimulates lipolysis and helps with conversion of fatty acids to ketone bodies
a. Glucagon
49
Which stimulates insertion of Glut4 transporters in cell membrane of skeletal, muscle, liver and fat.
a. Insulin
50
What is the cell that synthesizes hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate) a. Osteoblast b. Osteoclast c. Osteocytes d. Osteosarcoma
c. Osteocytes
51
Parathyroid gland secretes
a. PTH
52
What directly stimulates intestinal absorption of Ca2+
a. Vitamin D3
53
Liver conjugates steroid hormones and ________ (foreign biologically active molecules) which can be transported into bile or urine by multispecific organic anion transport carriers
a. Xenobiotics
54
Liver helps regulate blood glucose by producing it via
a. Glycogenolysis
55
In SI, endopeptidases cleave peptide bonds in
a. Interior of polypeptides
56
T or F: free fatty acids, monoglycerides, and lysocithin leave micelles and enter epithelial cells, where they are resynthesized into triglycerides and phospholipids and not transported directly into blood like sugars and aa’s
a. True
57
Gas exchange between blood and tissues, and O2 use by tissue
a. Internal respiration
58
Sea level pressure is 760mmHG and intrapleural pressure is 757 mmHG and intrapulmonary pressure is 754mmHG what will happen?
a. Inspiration (low pressure, high volume)
59
What is responsible for surface tension ST
a. Water
60
Surfactant prevent st from…?
a. Collapsing alveoli
61
____ is amount of air expired/breath in quiet breathing
a. Tidal volume
62
Occurs from inhalation of particles <6um in size, such as black lung disease (anthracosis) from coal dust
a. Pulmonary fibrosis
63
T or F PCO2 has to fall about half (from ~ 100mmHg and 70mmHG) before ventilation is significantly affected
a. False (PO2)
64
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is affected by changes in
a. Hb-O2 affinity caused by pH and temp (Bohr effect = affinity decreases when pH decreases)
65
What is aplastic anemia
a. Due to destruction of bone marrow | i. Pernicious anemia: b-12 deficiency
66
amount of blood ejected from ventricles during systole
a. Stroke volume
67
Plateau phase results from
a. Balance between slow Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux
68
T or F: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of action potential of the heart
a. False, it is a recording of electrical activity of heart
69
T or F: QRS complex is caused by ventricular repolarization
a. F, it is caused by ventricular depolarization
70
Myocardial ischemia is most commonly due to? Myocardial infarction (MI) is caused by?
a. Myocardial ischemia: atherosclerosis | b. Myocardial infarction: prolonged periods of ischemia resulting in necrosis
71
Contraction of myocardial cells is uncoordinated and pumping ineffective
a. Fibrillation
72
Involve in aligning physiology with sleep and wake cycle and seasons
a. Pineal gland
73
Often released in response to stress including fasting and exercise where it supports affects of glucagon
a. Cortisol
74
Stimulated by decreased blood glucose and increase amino acid
a. Growth hormone
75
What is Pneumothrorax
collapsed lung
76
Which hormones goes to most tissues
GH
77
secrete melatonin in response to activity of the hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
78
Ductless; discrete organs whose primary function is to produce and secrete hormones
Endocrine glands

Physiology (27 decks)

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