Exam 1: Ch 1 Homeostasis

Question 1

Physiology

Answer 1

study of how body works to maintain life emphasizing cause and effect mechanisms

Question 2

Pathophysiology

Answer 2

how physiological processes are altered in disease or injury

Question 3

Coparative Physiology

Answer 3

physiology of invertebrate and vertebrate groups

Question 4

Key concept in collecting physiological data =

Answer 4

Homeostasis

Question 5

Homeostasis

Answer 5

maintenance of fairly constant internal conditions
Allows diverse regulatory mechanisms to be understood in terms of “how” and “why”
Provides foundation for medical diagnosis

Question 6

Homeostasis is maintained by?

Answer 6

Feedback looops

Question 7

3 parts of all feedback loops

Answer 7

1. Sensor
2. Integrating center
3. Effector

Question 8

sensor

Answer 8

detect deviations from set point (average within physiological range set by the body) and send information to integrating centers

Question 9

2. Integratrating centers

Answer 9

receive information from sensors and will cause the increase or decrease of activity of effectors; determines a response

Question 10

integrating centers usually part of ?

Answer 10

CNS and endocrine system

Question 11

effectors

Answer 11

= usually muscle or gland; will respond to messages from integrating centers to bring back homeostasis; produces the response

Question 12

2 types of feedback loops

Answer 12

1. Negative feedback loops

2. Positive feedback loops

Question 13

Negative feedback loops

Answer 13

• most common

- when the action of the effectors is in the opposite direction of the initial change

Question 14

example of negative feedback loops

Answer 14

Ex: body temp. rises above normal and a negative feedback loop responds by lowering temp

Question 15

Positive feedback looops

Answer 15

• Rare

- when the action of the effectors is in the same direction of the initial change; initial change is amplified

Question 16

Homeostasis of a particular parameter generally is controlled by

Answer 16

several effectors with antagonistic actions; “push-pull”

Question 17

Homeostasis:

Regular Mechanisms

Answer 17

Intrinsic

Extrensic

Question 18

intrinsic

Answer 18

control is built into organ being regulated

Question 19

Extrensic

Answer 19

control comes from outside of organ; by nervous or endocrine systems

Question 20

In extrinsic Homeostasis The nervous and endocrine systems are tightly coupled and work together to

Answer 20

control activities of most of the other body systems

Question 21

***must know
Negative Feedback Hormonal Control of Blood Glucose:
Eating
↓ ↑

Answer 21

Eating
     ↓
↑ Blood sugar
     ↓
Pancreatic Islets 
   (of Langerhans)
     ↓
↑ Insulin
     ↓
↑ Cellular uptake of Glucose
     ↓
↓ Blood Glucose

Question 22

***must know
Negative Feedback Hormonal Control of Blood Glucose:
Fasting

Answer 22

Fasting
↓  Blood Glucose
          ↓
    Pancreatic Islets
     (of Langerhans)
          ↓
↓  Insulin
↑  Glucagon
          ↓
↓ Cellular uptake of glucose
↑  Glucose secretion into blood by liver
          ↓
↑   Blood Glucose