Exam 1 Essay Question Flashcards
ATP roles in secondary active transport
o ATP is Use in primary active transport to maintain the ion concentration gradient, 2ndary active transport then use the ion concentration gradient as energy
Filtration
o Filtration is the movement of fluid out of the capillary bed and into tissue fluid driven by hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by the fluid in the capillary blood pressure. The pressure is highest in the arteriole end of the capillary bed
Absorption
o is the Process of Moving fluids from tissue fluid back into blood driven by colloid osmotic pressure, which is pressure driven by plasma protein in fluid. Pressure is highest in the venule end of the capillary bed
What is electron transport chain and how does it contribute to making of cellular energy
ETC is a linked series of protein embedded in the cristae in the mitochondria which creates proton concentration gradient that atp synthase uses as energy to make ATP
why do we breathe Oxygen
We breathe Oxygen in the body So that o2 can serve as the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain
Transcription occurs when
occurs when DNA sequence in a gene is copied to make mRNA sequence; occurs in nucleus
translation occurs when
occurs when mRNA sequence is used to make a protein; occurs in cytoplasm
What needs to happen for glycolysis to continue
Lactic Acid Pathway
In order for glycolysis to continue, there must be sufficient NAD available for step 5 of glycolysis. To avoid end-product inhibition, NADH takes Hs away and donate it to pyruvate which creates lactic acid. The regenerated NAD then goes back to step 5 of glycolysis.
Cory Cycle
2 way traffic between skeletal muscles and liver
need to do diagram with it
What is membrane potential, how is it stablished, and what maintains it.
Membrane potential is the difference in charge across membranes and it is established by the ion concentration gradient across membranes and the Na+/Ka+ pump. It is maintained by the Na+/Ka+ pump and the membrane permeability.
Describe the travel of the Action Potential
The action potential travels down the axon of the pre synaptic neuron and it hits the axon terminal and that causes voltage gated ca+ channel to open, Ca+ diffuses in and that causes exocytosis of the neurotransmitter.
Nt diffuses across synapse and binds to ligand gated Na+ channels, The channel opens and Na+ diffuses in. This signal is called graded polarization.
The depolarization spread across the rest of the dendrites and the soma via a different population of voltage gated Na+ channels.
At the axon hillock threshold is met and the action potential continues all the way down to the end of the axon.
The first phase is depolarization caused by the opening of the Voltage gated Na+ channel with Na+ moving in. The second phase of the action potential is repolarization phase and it occurs by opening of voltage-gated K+ channel allowing K+ to move out
