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PSYC 1004 > Final - Sample Questions > Flashcards

Final - Sample Questions Flashcards

Questions given by professor in class. Answered by me.

1
Q

Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in a car crash. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude…

A

“Patricia’s recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble”

fundamental attribution error - tendency to attribute other people’s failures to a personal issue not outside causes

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2
Q

A commercial for a fast-food restaurant shows three women in bikinis eating the restaurant’s triple-decker hamburger. This commercial illustrates…

A

Peripheral route persuasion

peripheral route - relies on things like speaker’s attractiveness, emotions, etc rather than the merits of an argument

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3
Q

Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck illustrate…

A

Self-serving bias

self-serving bias: tendency to attribute one’s successes to internal factors and one’s failures to external factors

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4
Q

In the United States during the late 1980’s, most Democrats wrongly believed that inflation had risen under Republican president Reagan. In 2010, most Republicans wrongly believed that taxes had increased under Democratic president Obama. These incorrect beliefs best illustrate the impact of…

A

In-group bias

in-group bias: people tend to evaluate members of their own group more favorably than members of another group

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5
Q

The gradually escalating levels of destructive obedience in the Milgram experiments illustrate one of the potential dangers of…

A

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon

foot-in-the-door phenomenon: people are more likely to agree to a large request if they have agreed to a small one first

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6
Q

Social loafing is most likely to occur among…
A. Audience members who are asked to applaud after a speaker is introduced
B. Factory workers paid on the basis of individual level of productivity
C. A group of runners competing for first place in a race
D. Students who are each assigned a different topic for their course
term papers

A

A

social loafing : tendency to perform less in group settings

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7
Q

By providing prospective terrorists with chat rooms for interacting online with others who share their attitudes, the Internet serves as a medium for…

A

Group polarization

group polarization: people’s views become more extreme after talking with others who share those views

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8
Q

Which of the following comments is most likely to be made by the leader of a group characterized by groupthink?
A. “We have been united on matters in the past and I hope that will continue.”
B. “We will need some outside experts to critique our decisions.”
C. “It’s important for each of us to think critically about this issue.”
D. “We should probably divide into subgroups and arrive at independent
decisions.”

A

A

Groupthink : a group wanting to reach a consensus and suppressing dissenting opinions in the process

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9
Q

One analysis revealed that pitchers were more likely to hit batters when the previous batter had hit a home run. This illustrates…

A

The frustration-aggression principle

frustration-aggression principle: frustration at events may lead to aggressive behavior

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10
Q

After the participants in the Milgram obedience studies were informed of the deception and the real intent of the study, virtually none of them regretted taking part in the study. The lack of regret was most likely because of their reduced…

A

Cognitive dissonance

cognitive dissonance: tension that occurs when a person’s beliefs/attitudes and their actions contradict each other

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11
Q

After they had first agreed to display a 3-inch sign, homeowners were highly likely to permit the installation of a very large and unattractive sign in their front yards. This illustrates…

A

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon

foot-in-the-door phenomenon: making a small request first to make a larger one appear more reasonable

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12
Q

After eating free samples of cookies in the grocery store, Mrs. Chanski felt obligated to buy some even though they seemed very expensive. This illustrates…

A

The reciprocity norm

reciprocity norm: people feel expected to repay in kind what others have done for them

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13
Q

Which of the following describes a stereotype?
A. Vladimir is especially attracted to Latin-American women.
B. Peter feels very uncomfortable interacting with Black Americans.
C. Robin is convinced that university professors are usually impractical and forgetful.
D. Cyril never hires people younger than 16 to work in his restaurant.

A

C

stereotype - applying the same traits to all members of a population or group

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14
Q

After 9/11, people across the USA donated their time and money to assist the devastated New York community. This behavior illustrates…

A

Altruism

altruism - unselfish behavior that often comes at some cost to the giver

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15
Q

Which of the following is least likely to occur in a psychologically safe culture?
A. altruism
B. systems thinking
C. groupthink
D. an individualistic culture

A

Groupthink

groupthink: a group wants to reach a consensus and dissenting opinions are suppressed in the process

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16
Q

Which of the following Big 5 traits reflect a loose/plastic personality traits?
A. agreeableness
B. extraversion
C. neuroticism
D. emotional stability

A

B

extraversion and openness are the “loose” traits

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17
Q

Which type of conversation is most likely connected to an indvidual’s past?
A. relationship
B. possibility
C. action
D. opportunity
E. follow-up

A

A

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18
Q

Synergy is to ____ as systems thinking is to ____.

A

Interdependency ; interdependency

tbh i got no idea and this had better not be on the exam

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19
Q

According to Jim Collins’ research as presented in his 2001 bestseller, “Good to Great”, leaders promote psychological safety by…

A

Displaying personal humility and modesty

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20
Q

According to professor Tim Clark, which of the following is not a level of psychological safety?
A. compassion
B. inclusion
C. learner
D. challenger

A

A

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21
Q

The “tight versus loose” distinction refers most directly to…

A

Personality traits

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22
Q

Which of the following do effective leaders not do?
A. play favorites
B. offer practical solutions to organizational problems
C. make frequent discriminations between employees
D. admit mistakes and ask for forgiveness

A

B

leaders should identify problems but not propose a solution

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23
Q

The golden rule is to ____ as the platinum rule is to ____.

A

Altruism ; empathy

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24
Q

The ability to delay a soon, certain, positive consequence for a delayed, uncertain, larger positive consequence reflects…

A

Emotional intelligence

emotional intelligence: the ability to recognize, manage, and control one’s emotions

25
Q

Matt has become so fully absorbed in his studies that he completely loses awareness of how long he has been working. This illustrates…

A

Flow

flow - a completely involved, focused state with a decreased awareness of time

26
Q

Although Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than her husband, both are satisfied with their relationship because they each perceive benefits in proportion to what they put into it. This illustrates…

A

Equity

equity: the ratio of what you put in to what you get out

27
Q

A person who is outgoing, fun-loving, and generally prefers to be around other people ranks high on the Big 5 trait of…

A

Extraversion

28
Q

A person who is careless and disorganized ranks low on the Big 5 trait of…

A

Conscientiousness

conscientiousness: tendency to be organized, reliable, and goal-oriented

29
Q

Designing aircraft instrument displays so pilots can easily and accurately monitor flight data would be of interest to…

A

Human factors psychologists

human factors psychologists focus on making appliances safe and user-friendly

30
Q

Which of the following is generally the poorest predictor of future job performance?
A. aptitude tests
B. job knowledge tests
C. simulated job performance tests
D. evaluations from informal interviews

A

D

31
Q

The practice of 360-degree feedback is designed to improve…

A

Performance appraisals

32
Q

When a performance appraisal is based only on an employee’s latest behavior, the employer is committing…

A

A recency error

recency error - bias where individuals place more weight on recent actions or experiences

33
Q

Organizational psychologists are likely to be involved in…

A

Modifying work environments in order to improve employee engagement

organizational psychologists examine organizational influences on worker productivity and satisfaction

34
Q

A psychologist who develops interview questions that will effectively predict job applicants’ success in specific work positions is likely a(n) ____ psychologist.

A

Industrial

industrial psychologists help with employee selection, placement, and development

35
Q

Someone who does not review most applicants’ reference files because they are confident in their ability to predict future work performance based on face-to-face conversations illustrates…

A

The interviewer illusion

the interviewer illusion occurs when an interviewer is overconfident in their ability to select the best candidates using unstructured interviews

36
Q

A top-down approach of negative consequences to control behavior can reduce the perception of personal control and lead to…

A

Countercontrol

countercontrol: occurs when a person responds to a perceived attempt at domination by exerting their own controlling behaviors

37
Q

Which achievement-related person-state is most likely to use defensive pessimism to protect their self-esteem?

A

Failure avoiders

38
Q

The research-based foundation of the AC4P movement is best described as…

A

Applied behavioral science

i think. could also be humanistic behaviorism.

39
Q

Feedback is to consequence as feedforward is to…

A

Activator

Feedback results from consequences, feedforward results from activators

40
Q

The second “C” in the COACH acronym represents…

A

Communicate

41
Q

“Group achievement is rarely democratic - resulting from the equal input of all their members.” This observation illustrates the concept of…

A

Social loafing

social loafing - people tend to put in less effort when in a group

42
Q

Bias from premature cognitive commitment occurs at which level of listening?

A

Selective

43
Q

Management is to other-directed behavior as leadership is to ____ behavior.

A

Self-directed

44
Q

Which component of the STEP process is most likely influenced by the principle of reciprocity?

A

Pass

45
Q

In the SOAR acronym, “R” stands for…

A

Real

46
Q

Which of the following is not an evidence-based perception that determines self-motivation?
A. competence
B. commitment
C. choice
D. community

A

B

47
Q

Which of the following questions is not used to determine one’s perception of empowerment?
A. Can you do it?
B. Do you care?
C. Will it work?
D. Is it worth it?

A

B

48
Q

Self-efficacy is to training as response-efficacy is to…

A

Competence

49
Q

Indepence is to individualistic as interdependence is to…

A

Collectivistic

50
Q

To save energy, Charles hangs his wet clothes on a line outside instead of using a dryer. This reflects the conservation behavior of…

A

Behavioral choice

behavioral choice: a conscious decision to engage in environmentally friendly behavior

51
Q

Many fishers voluntarily accept limits on their catch in order to avoid falling victim to…

A

Commons dilemma

commons dilemma: occurs when people consume a shared resource faster than it can be replenished

52
Q

Which technique used to increase the occurrence of ERB bypasses an explicit process of choice?

A

Nudge

nudge: a subtle push for an individual to engage in a desired behavior

53
Q

The socially preferred behavioral decision is referred to as a(n)…

A

Injunctive norm

injunctive norm: perception of what people should do, and what others will think of a behavior

54
Q

Fear tactics designed to increase the occurrence of ERB only work if they include…

A

Self-efficacy

self-efficacy: belief that you can do something

55
Q

When ordering a drink, Margaret does not get a straw because she carries a reusable one. Later, she brings reusable bags into the grocery store and carries a plastic reusable bottle for water. This spillover effect illustrates…

A

Response generalization

response generalization: applying a learned response to a new stimulus

56
Q

Which obstacle to ERB reflects the tendency to focus on soon, certain, and positive consequences?

A

Temporal discounting

temporal discounting - people prefer immediate positive consequences over delayed ones

57
Q

Which concept from social psychology best connects to people feeling guilty after throwing a recyclable bottle in the garbage?

A

Cognitive dissonance

cognitive dissonance: tension that occurs when beliefs/attitudes and behavior are contradictory

58
Q

Which of the following is least likely to increase a person’s subjective well-being?
A. purpose and meaning
B. ERB
C. increased wealth
D. green buildings

A

C

PSYC 1004 (16 decks)

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