Final - Chapters 16 & 17 Flashcards
Environmental psychology
A field that studies the relationship between people and their physical surroundings
Conservation psychology
The scientific study of the relationship between humans and nature, and how to encourage people to conserve the environment
Sustainable behavior
Deliberate actions taken by individuals to protect the environment
Environmentally responsible behavior
(ERB)
Actions taken by individuals to actively protect the environment and mitigate their negative impact on it
Curtailment behavior
Repeated, everyday actions that aim to reduce resource consumption by making small changes to existing habits
Behavior choice
The conscious decision that an individual makes to engage in actions that are environmentally friendly or that promote sustainability
Technology choice
The conscious decision an individual makes to use specific technologies that minimize their environmental impact
Commons dilemma
A social situation where non-cooperation between individuals leads to the deterioration and possible collapse of a resource
Interdependence
A collectivistic, we-need-each-other viewpoint that sets the occasion for AC4P behavior
Nudges
A small influence that guides people to make decisions that benefit them in the long term
Prompts
Cues or assistance given to encourage a desired behavior or response
Incentives
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Descriptive norms
Behaviors that people perceive others in their group to be doing, or that they believe others are not doing
Injunctive norms
The perceived social expectations or rules about how people should behave in a given situation
Intrinsic motivations
Values
The desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
Extrinsic motivations
Incentives
The desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
Emotion
A potent and potentially long-term reaction to a person or situation that can motivate relevant self-directed behavior
Collective guilt
A feeling of guilt that people experience for the actions of a group that they identify with
Cognitive dissonance
Tension or discomfort that occurs when an individual’s attitudes and beliefs are not aligned or consistent
Empathy nudge
A subtle intervention designed to encourage people to feel more empathy towards others
The platinum rule
“Treat others the way they want to be treated”
Identity
Our sense of self
Social labels
The part of our identity that comes from our group memberships
Self-labels
Terms individuals actively choose to define themselves
Spillover effect
Emotions or behaviors experienced in one situation can influence how a person feels or acts in a different situation
Response generalization
Occurs when a conditioned response is used in the presence of an unconditioned stimulus
Environment attitudes
A person’s collection of beliefs, feelings, and intentions regarding the natural environment
Environmental risk perceptions
An individual’s understanding of the importance and urgency of environmental protection
Temporal discounting
The tendency to prefer more immediate rewards over future benefits
Defensive justification
Occurs when a person attempts to rationalize their actions in a way that minimizes negative consequences
List two way the environment can negatively affect well-being.
- Natural disasters
- Climate change
List three ways the environment can have a positive effect on well-being.
- Living near a green space
- Mood and emotional state
- Social relations
How does sustainable behavior impact well-being?
Increases happiness, purpose, and meaning.
List the four steps of applied and psychological science.
- Selection
- Intervention
- Evaluation
- Dissemination
Which two steps of applied psychology need improvement?
- Selection
- Dissemination
How do applied behavioral scientists use the “DO IT” approach?
- Define behavior to target
- Observe occurrences of target behavior to collect baseline data
- Intervene to influence the target behavior
- Test to determine if the intervention was effective
The ABC process includes…
- Activator (feedforward)
- Behavior
- Consequence (feedback)
The most effective prompts include…
A rationale for the desirable behavior
Simple changes in the design of trash receptacles can…
Increase occurrences of ERB
Sustainable behavior includes ____ choice and ____ choice.
Technology and behavioral
A ____ bypasses behavioral choice and makes ERB easy or the default option.
Nudge
____ remind individuals of the desirable behavior.
Prompts
