Final - Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Consistency

A

The pressure we feel to behave in ways that align with our attitudes/beliefs, or to behave in ways we know others expect us to behave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Tension or discomfort that occurs when an individual’s attitudes and beliefs are not aligned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Self-perception theory

A

Inferring our attitudes or values based on what behavior we choose to perform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Foot-in-the-door technique

A

Obtaining a small commitment in order to achieve a larger request later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Door-in-the-face technique

A

Making a large, often irrational, request in order to make the smaller request that follows seem more reasonable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Conformity

A

The act of changing one’s opinions, behaviors, or atittudes to align with the norms or actions of a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Authority

A

The ability to influence others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stanley Milgram’s “obedience to shock” study

A

Tested how far people would go in obeying an authority figure, even if it meant harming another person.
Found that a high percentage of people were willing to seemingly harm others in compliance with authority.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Philip Zimbardo’s “Stanford prison study”

A

Studied the psychological effects of power and authority.
Found that situational factors can drastically influence people’s behavior in a very short time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Psychological reactance

A

A tendency to fight outside influences we believe are attempting to undermine the authority we have over our own thoughts and behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Scarcity

A

An attempt to influence people by conveying the notion that something is rare, valuable, or will not always be available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Group behavior

A

The actions, thoughts, and feelings of individuals when they are part of a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Social facilitation

A

A performance boost as the result of the presence of other people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Social inhibition

A

A decrease in performance as a result of the presence of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Social loafing

A

The tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Information processing

A

The cognitive process of analyzing and interpreting information to make decisions or take actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Groupthink

A

The tendency for group members to agree resulting in conformity from individuals within that group who may hold a different view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Polarization

A

The tendency for group members to become more rigid in their views when faced with a countering view from other group members

19
Q

Deindividuation

A

A loss of individual identity within a group of people, which can lead to a disconnection with personal values and uncharacteristic behavior

20
Q

Aggression

A

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

21
Q

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

A

Suggests that if people are blocked from reaching a goal, they become frustrated, which can ultimately result in aggressive behavior

22
Q

Bystander effect

A

When a group of people are called to action, a diffusion of responsibility occurs and no one acts due to the belief that others will

23
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

When individual responsibilities for a task within a group are unclear, and the success or failure of that group cannot be connected to the performance of any. particular person

24
Q

List the five-person states.

A
  1. Self-efficacy
  2. Personal control
  3. Self-esteem
  4. Belongingness
  5. Optimism
25
We act ourselves into...
Consistent thinking
26
We think ourselves into...
Consistent acting
27
Cognitive dissonance occurs when...
Perceiving an inconsistency between behavior and an attitude, belief, or cognition
28
The reciprocity principle inspires...
Pay-it-forward behavior
29
We conform...
More often than we'd like to admit
30
Descriptive norms reflect ____, but...
Conformity; are not necessarily injunctive
31
We often follow authority....
Blindly and mindlessly
32
Complaince with authority is...
Not always undesirable behavior
33
Top-down authority can influence...
Countercontrol or psychological reactance
34
A perception of scarcity ____ perceived value.
Increases
35
The presence of others can...
Facilitate or impair performance
36
Social loafing and diffusion of responsibility occur when...
The behavior of individuals cannot be tracked
37
Groupthink reflects...
Conformity
38
Groupthink indicates...
A lack of psychological safety
39
Polarization increases when...
A viewpoint is challenged by another individual or group
40
Deindividuation occurs when...
One's loyalty to a group stifles an individual's identity and personal values
41
An emotional state of frustration can incite...
Aggressive behavior
42
The bystander effect is fueled by...
Deindividuation and diffusion of responsibility
43
The larger the group, the ____ likely that any one person will actively care.
Less