Exam 3 - Chapter 8 Flashcards
Classical conditioning
The process by which neutral stimuli eventually cause an automatic response
Unconditioned response
The automatic, unlearned response triggered by an unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
A learned response that is produced by a conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
A stimulus that automatically triggers an involuntart response
Conditioned stimulus
A previously neutral stimulus that now triggers an involuntary learned response
Acquisition
The period of learning during which a conditioned response is developed
Extinction
When a CS weakens and eventually ceases because of the lack of an unconditioned stimulus or reinforcer
Spontaneous recovery
When a previously extinguished learned response suddenly returns in the presence of a conditioned stimulus
Stimulus Generalization
When a learned response occurs following a stimulus similar to the original CS
(Stimulus) Discrimination
When a learned response does not occur following a sufficiently different stimulus from the CS
Conditioned Taste Aversion
When getting sick paired with food/drink leads to nausea in the presence of that food/drink
Phobia
Fear
A conditioned taste aversion can be established…
Through a single “trial”
Operant conditioning
Voluntary behavior that can be controlled by consequences following its occurrence
Discriminative stimulus
A stimulus that indicates the availability of a reinforcer following a particular behavior
Positive reinforcement
When a behavior increases because it results in a desired consequence
Negative reinforcement
When behavior increases because it results in the elimination of an undesirable situation
Positive punishment
When a behavior decreases because it results in an undesirable consequence
Negative punishment
When behavior decreases because it results in the removal of a desired stimulus
Avoidance
Escape learning
Primary reinforcer
Reinforcers which are biologically-based or necessary fo survival
Secondary reinforcer
Reinforcers that have been reliably associated with primary reinforcers
Intrinsic consequence
