Exam 2 - Consciousness Flashcards
Consciousness is defined as…
Our subjective awareness of thoughts.
All the things we might think about or perceive if we attended to them comprise our…
Awareness
The “cocktail party phenomenon” describes how…
To a certain extent, we can pay attention to more than one conversation at once
The “cocktail party phenomenon” indicates that…
Consciousness and awareness are momentary
____’s theories were based on a fairly small proportion of the population at a particular time.
Sigmund Freud
List two of Freud’s theories that are seen as having some merit today, and one that is seen as baseless.
Have merit:
1. Concept of ego/id
2. Idea that dreams have meaning
Baseless:
1. Oedipus/Electra complex
The Freudian model of the ____, ____, and ____ suggests that we all have within us basic sexual and aggressive energies.
Id, Ego, Superego
List five characteristics of the “id” according to Freud.
- Based off “I want”
- Instinctive sexual/aggressive energy
- Works on the “pleasure principle”
- Irrational and selfish
- Doesn’t think about what is realistic
The “pleasure principle” describes the…
Immediate gratification of desires
List the three characteristics of the “superego”.
- Acts as the balance to the id
- Ideas, morals, and conscience
- Concerned with right and wrong
List three characteristics of the “ego”.
- Acts as a manager
- Works on the reality principle
- Controls the id and keeps it in check
____ is replacing a socially unacceptable want or activity with one that is socially acceptable.
Sublimation
____ processes are those that a person is subjectively aware of.
Conscious
Freud believed that ____ processes made up a minority of mental processes.
Conscious
____ processes are those that are not actively conscious but could quickly become so.
Preconscious
____ processes are inaccessible to the conscious mind because they have been repressed.
Unconscious
List three ways in which some psychoanalysts believe unconscious thoughts and emotions may enter our conscious minds.
- Dreams
- Rorschach tests
- Freudian slips
List two opposing viewpoints on dream analysis.
- Dreams are the “royal road” into the unconscious mind.
- Dreams may be interesting but are not diagnostically useful.
List two opposing viewpoints on Rorschach tests (inkblot tests).
- A person’s response to an ambiguous image uncovers unconscious thoughts.
- There are better and more multifaceted ways of diagnosing disorders.
List two opposing viewpoints of Freudian slips (verbal mistakes).
- These reveal repressed memories or things we are trying to avoid.
- We make verbal mistakes simply because we talk a lot or get distracted.
Freud believed that the ____ is the majority.
Unconscious mind
According to the iceberg model, the area above the water represents the…
Conscious mind
(some of Ego and Superego)
According to the iceberg model, the top third of the underwater portion represents the…
Preconscious mind
(most of Ego and Superego)
According to the iceberg model, the bottom half of the underwater portion represents the…
Unconscious mind
(some of Ego and Superego, and all of Id)
According to Freud, the ego is the…
Executive mediator
According to Freud, the superego is the…
Internalized ideals
According to Freud, the id is the…
Inaccessible psychic energy.
List four possibilities for why we sleep.
- We’re tired
- Keeps us away from trouble/harm
- Can aid the immune system
- Helps consolidate memories and repair neurons
Our sleep cycle is based on internal patterns of bodily functions over a 24-hour cycle called the…
Circadian rhythm
The ____ is an area of the hypothalamus critical to circadian rhythms.
Superchiasmatic nucleus
(SCN)
List three things that can result from disruptions to our circadian rhythm.
- Unclear thinking
- Inattentiveness
- Feeling sleepy
Devices that graphically record brain-wave activity through electrodes on the scalp and forehead are called…
EEGs
List the five stages of sleep, as defined by EEG waves.
- The awake brain
- Stage 1 sleep (NREM Alpha)
- Stage 2 Sleep (NREM Theta)
- Stage 3 Sleep (NREM Delta) (Deep Sleep)
- REM (Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep
The “awake brain” is defined by…
High and mixed frequencies with low amplitude
Stage 1 sleep is defined by…
High and mixed frequencies with low amplitude
Stage 2 sleep is defined by…
High frequencies and low amplitude, with some “sleep spindles” or “k-complexes”
Stage 3 sleep (deep sleep) is defined by…
Low frequencies and high amplitude
REM sleep is defined by…
High frequencies and low amplitude
