Final - Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Social cognition

A

The thoughts we have about the stimuli in our environment

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2
Q

Social attribution

A

The process by which individuals explain the causes of their own behavior and the behavior of others

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3
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Attributing a person’s behavior to what we assume to be their personality rather than external factors

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4
Q

Self-serving bias

A

The tendency to credit successes to internal factors and failures to external factors

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5
Q

In-group bias / favoritism

A

Believing our in-group is better than other groups; and benefitting our in-group through thoughts and/or actions

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6
Q

Group-serving bias

A

Maintaining a positive evaluation of our in-group despite evidence to the contrary

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7
Q

Social comparison

A

Self-evaluation by comparing oneself to others

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8
Q

Proximity and similarity principles

A

Principles that describe how people perceive objects

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9
Q

Proximity principle

A

Objects that are closer together are perceived as being more related than objects that are further apart

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10
Q

Similarity principle

A

Objects that appear similar are grouped together and tend to be thought of as having the same function

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11
Q

Stereotype

A

The assumption that all members of a particular group share certain characteristics or behaviors

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12
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative attitudes resulting from stereotypes

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13
Q

Discrimination

A

Negative action stemming from a stereotype

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14
Q

ABC model of attitude

A

Every attitude has three components: Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive

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15
Q

Affective/evaluative component

A

Represents the emotions/feelings associated with an attitude towards something

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16
Q

Behavioral component

A

Represents the actions or behaviors that result from an attitude

17
Q

Cognitive component

A

Represents the thoughts, beliefs, and knowledge related to an attitude

18
Q

Peripheral route

A

A path of attitude change that attempts to intervene on beliefs that are not very strong

19
Q

Central route

A

A path of attitude change that attempts to intervene on core beliefs

20
Q

List the seven principles of social influence.

A
  1. Consistency
  2. Reciprocity
  3. Ingratiation
  4. Conformity
  5. Authority
  6. Scarcity
  7. Novelty
21
Q

____ is the key to long-term behavioral change.

A

Self-persuasion
(self-perception)

22
Q

We make a fundamental attribution error when we…

A

Attribute the behavior of others to a personality disposition

23
Q

We demonstrate self-serving bias when we…

A

Attribute our failures to external factors and our successes to internal factors

24
Q

We show in-group favoritism when we…

A

Perceive our group to be better than others and allocate more resources/rewards to our in-group

25
Group-serving bias occurs when we...
Maintain a positive evaluation of our in-group despite contradictory evidence
26
Social comparison occurs when we...
Judge ourselves in comparison to others
27
We are more likely to like individuals who are...
Similar to us in demographics and attitude
28
Physical closeness or proximity provides...
Opportunities to cultivate a relationship
29
Stereotyping occurs when we...
Ascribe general behaviors, characteristics, and motives to an entire group of individuals
30
Discrimination is a negative action stemming from a...
Stereotype
31
An attitude influences...
Affect, behavior, cognition
32
Behavior we choose to perform without extrinsic consequences reflects...
An attitude/value and self-persuasion
33
Perceived choice enhances...
Self-persuasion
34
Perceived choice is greater when...
Working to achieve success