Final - Chapter 12 Flashcards
Social cognition
The thoughts we have about the stimuli in our environment
Social attribution
The process by which individuals explain the causes of their own behavior and the behavior of others
Fundamental attribution error
Attributing a person’s behavior to what we assume to be their personality rather than external factors
Self-serving bias
The tendency to credit successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
In-group bias / favoritism
Believing our in-group is better than other groups; and benefitting our in-group through thoughts and/or actions
Group-serving bias
Maintaining a positive evaluation of our in-group despite evidence to the contrary
Social comparison
Self-evaluation by comparing oneself to others
Proximity and similarity principles
Principles that describe how people perceive objects
Proximity principle
Objects that are closer together are perceived as being more related than objects that are further apart
Similarity principle
Objects that appear similar are grouped together and tend to be thought of as having the same function
Stereotype
The assumption that all members of a particular group share certain characteristics or behaviors
Prejudice
Negative attitudes resulting from stereotypes
Discrimination
Negative action stemming from a stereotype
ABC model of attitude
Every attitude has three components: Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive
Affective/evaluative component
Represents the emotions/feelings associated with an attitude towards something
Behavioral component
Represents the actions or behaviors that result from an attitude
Cognitive component
Represents the thoughts, beliefs, and knowledge related to an attitude
Peripheral route
A path of attitude change that attempts to intervene on beliefs that are not very strong
Central route
A path of attitude change that attempts to intervene on core beliefs
List the seven principles of social influence.
- Consistency
- Reciprocity
- Ingratiation
- Conformity
- Authority
- Scarcity
- Novelty
____ is the key to long-term behavioral change.
Self-persuasion
(self-perception)
We make a fundamental attribution error when we…
Attribute the behavior of others to a personality disposition
We demonstrate self-serving bias when we…
Attribute our failures to external factors and our successes to internal factors
We show in-group favoritism when we…
Perceive our group to be better than others and allocate more resources/rewards to our in-group
Group-serving bias occurs when we…
Maintain a positive evaluation of our in-group despite contradictory evidence
Social comparison occurs when we…
Judge ourselves in comparison to others
We are more likely to like individuals who are…
Similar to us in demographics and attitude
Physical closeness or proximity provides…
Opportunities to cultivate a relationship
Stereotyping occurs when we…
Ascribe general behaviors, characteristics, and motives to an entire group of individuals
Discrimination is a negative action stemming from a…
Stereotype
An attitude influences…
Affect, behavior, cognition
Behavior we choose to perform without extrinsic consequences reflects…
An attitude/value and self-persuasion
Perceived choice enhances…
Self-persuasion
Perceived choice is greater when…
Working to achieve success
