Final - Chapter 14

Question 1

Purposeful work

Answer 1

Work that aligns with an individual’s personal values, goals, and sense of meaning

Question 2

Flow

Answer 2

A completely involved, focused state, with diminished awareness of self and time

Question 3

Intrinsic rewards

Answer 3

Rewards that come from within an individual; based on personal values and motivations

Question 4

Knowledge work

Answer 4

Work that relies on the application of knowledge and understanding to solve complex problems

Question 5

Personnel (industrial) psychology

Answer 5

A field of psychology that helps with job seeking, and with employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development

Question 6

List the Big 5 personality traits (OCEAN)

Answer 6

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 7

Structured interviews

Answer 7

An interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales

Question 8

Unstructured interviews

Answer 8

Interview that does not have a set of prearranged questions, and instead uses open-ended questions to assess an individual

Question 9

Performance appraisals

Answer 9

The systematic evaluation of an employee’s job performance and contributions

Question 10

Formal evaluations can have long-term…

Answer 10

Consequences

Question 11

360-degree feedback

Answer 11

An individual receives evaluations from multiple sources around them

Question 12

Leniency errors

Answer 12

Occur when evaluations are inflated to avoid negative consequences

Question 13

Halo effect

Answer 13

After an initial positive impression, follow-up opinions are favorable

Question 14

Affective reactions

Answer 14

Evaluations are influenced by the rater’s personal feelings toward the individual

Question 15

Attributional bias

Answer 15

Evaluations are biased by presumed degree of effort or motivation

Question 16

Similar-to-me error

Answer 16

Higher evaluations for those with characteristics similar to the rater

Question 17

Stereotyping

Answer 17

Occurs when evaluations are biased by generic characteristics of the person’s social group

Question 18

Recency bias

Answer 18

The tendency to overemphasize the importance of recent events over past ones

Question 19

Contrast bias

Answer 19

Occurs when something is judged relative to something else instead of being evaluated on its own merits

Question 20

Organizational psychology

Answer 20

A field of psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change

Question 21

Job satisfaction

Answer 21

The attitude/feelings an employee has towards their job

Question 22

Burnout

Answer 22

A state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion that results from prolonged stress

Question 23

The Gallup workplace questionnaire

Answer 23

A survey used to assess workers’ perceptions of their work environment, satisfaction, and commitment to their job

Question 24

Goal setting

Answer 24

The systematic process of defining a behavior-focused SMARTS goal

Question 25

Workplace goals should be... | (three)

Answer 25

1. Specific 2. Measurable 3. Challenging

Question 26

Transactional leadership

Answer 26

A leadership style that uses a system of rewards and punishments to motivate and direct followers

Question 27

Transformational leadership

Answer 27

A leadership style that focuses on inspiring and motivating followers to achieve high levels of perfomance

Question 28

Organizational citizenship behavior

Answer 28

Employees' voluntary actions that go beyond their job requirements and contribute positively to the organization

Question 29

Human factors engineering

Answer 29

A field of psychology that explores how people and machines interact, and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

Question 30

A leader should delegate when...

Answer 30

The employee's need for motivation and direction are both low

Question 31

A leader should support when...

Answer 31

An employee's need for direction is low but their need for motivation is high

Question 32

A leader should instruct when...

Answer 32

An employee's need for direction is high but their need for motivation is low

Question 33

A leader should coach when...

Answer 33

An employee's need for direction and motivation are both high

Question 34

Self-efficacy

Answer 34

An individual's belief or confidence that they have the knowledge, skill, and ability to perform the behaviors needed to accomplish a task

Question 35

Response-efficacy

Answer 35

An individual's belief or confidence that performing one or more behaviors will contribute to achieving a desirable outcome, mission, or long-term vision

Question 36

Outcome-expectancy

Answer 36

The anticipated consequences that will result from a behavior

Question 37

Flow experiences are supported by...

Answer 37

Intrinsic positive reinforcers

Question 38

____ psychologists aid in the selection of the best employees.

Answer 38

Personnel/industrial

Question 39

____ psychologists aid the cultivation of a maximally productive work culture

Answer 39

Organizational

Question 40

Which Big 5 personality traits reflect tightness? | (three)

Answer 40

1. Conscientiousness 2. Agreeableness 3. Neuroticism (emotional stability)

Question 41

Which Big 5 personality traits reflect looseness? | (two)

Answer 41

1. Openness 2. Extraversion

Question 42

Interviewers display the interviewer illusion when they...

Answer 42

Are overconfident in their ability to select employees with unstructured interviews

Question 43

____ are more predictive of job success and use the same job-relevant questions for all applicants.

Answer 43

Structured interviews

Question 44

List seven biases that performance appraisals are vulnerable to.

Answer 44

1. Halo 2. Leniency 3. Recency 4. Attributional 5. Affective 6. Stereotyping 7. Contrast

Question 45

360-degree feedback is very effective, but it is not...

Answer 45

Efficient

Question 46

Empowerment is determined by... | (three)

Answer 46

1. Self-efficacy (training) 2. Response-efficacy (education) 3. Outcome-expectancy (motivation)

Question 47

List the six characteristics of SMARTS goals.

Answer 47

1. Specific 2. Motivational 3. Achievable 4. Relevant 5. Trackable 6. Shared

Question 48

The degree of direction and motivation needed by an employee determines...

Answer 48

Whether a leader should delegate, support, instruct, or coach

Question 49

____ leaders manage behavior.

Answer 49

Transactional

Question 50

____ leaders inspire self-motivation.

Answer 50

Transformational

Question 51

____ is AC4P behavior in the workplace.

Answer 51

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

Question 52

____ psychologists contribute to making appliances, machines, and work settings safe and user-friendly.

Answer 52

Human factors