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PSYC 1004 > Final - Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Final - Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Purposeful work

A

Work that aligns with an individual’s personal values, goals, and sense of meaning

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2
Q

Flow

A

A completely involved, focused state, with diminished awareness of self and time

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3
Q

Intrinsic rewards

A

Rewards that come from within an individual; based on personal values and motivations

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4
Q

Knowledge work

A

Work that relies on the application of knowledge and understanding to solve complex problems

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5
Q

Personnel (industrial) psychology

A

A field of psychology that helps with job seeking, and with employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development

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6
Q

List the Big 5 personality traits (OCEAN)

A

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

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7
Q

Structured interviews

A

An interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales

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8
Q

Unstructured interviews

A

Interview that does not have a set of prearranged questions, and instead uses open-ended questions to assess an individual

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9
Q

Performance appraisals

A

The systematic evaluation of an employee’s job performance and contributions

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10
Q

Formal evaluations can have long-term…

A

Consequences

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11
Q

360-degree feedback

A

An individual receives evaluations from multiple sources around them

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12
Q

Leniency errors

A

Occur when evaluations are inflated to avoid negative consequences

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13
Q

Halo effect

A

After an initial positive impression, follow-up opinions are favorable

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14
Q

Affective reactions

A

Evaluations are influenced by the rater’s personal feelings toward the individual

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15
Q

Attributional bias

A

Evaluations are biased by presumed degree of effort or motivation

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16
Q

Similar-to-me error

A

Higher evaluations for those with characteristics similar to the rater

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17
Q

Stereotyping

A

Occurs when evaluations are biased by generic characteristics of the person’s social group

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18
Q

Recency bias

A

The tendency to overemphasize the importance of recent events over past ones

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19
Q

Contrast bias

A

Occurs when something is judged relative to something else instead of being evaluated on its own merits

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20
Q

Organizational psychology

A

A field of psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change

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21
Q

Job satisfaction

A

The attitude/feelings an employee has towards their job

22
Q

Burnout

A

A state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion that results from prolonged stress

23
Q

The Gallup workplace questionnaire

A

A survey used to assess workers’ perceptions of their work environment, satisfaction, and commitment to their job

24
Q

Goal setting

A

The systematic process of defining a behavior-focused SMARTS goal

25
Q

Workplace goals should be…

(three)

A
  1. Specific
  2. Measurable
  3. Challenging
26
Q

Transactional leadership

A

A leadership style that uses a system of rewards and punishments to motivate and direct followers

27
Q

Transformational leadership

A

A leadership style that focuses on inspiring and motivating followers to achieve high levels of perfomance

28
Q

Organizational citizenship behavior

A

Employees’ voluntary actions that go beyond their job requirements and contribute positively to the organization

29
Q

Human factors engineering

A

A field of psychology that explores how people and machines interact, and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

30
Q

A leader should delegate when…

A

The employee’s need for motivation and direction are both low

31
Q

A leader should support when…

A

An employee’s need for direction is low but their need for motivation is high

32
Q

A leader should instruct when…

A

An employee’s need for direction is high but their need for motivation is low

33
Q

A leader should coach when…

A

An employee’s need for direction and motivation are both high

34
Q

Self-efficacy

A

An individual’s belief or confidence that they have the knowledge, skill, and ability to perform the behaviors needed to accomplish a task

35
Q

Response-efficacy

A

An individual’s belief or confidence that performing one or more behaviors will contribute to achieving a desirable outcome, mission, or long-term vision

36
Q

Outcome-expectancy

A

The anticipated consequences that will result from a behavior

37
Q

Flow experiences are supported by…

A

Intrinsic positive reinforcers

38
Q

____ psychologists aid in the selection of the best employees.

A

Personnel/industrial

39
Q

____ psychologists aid the cultivation of a maximally productive work culture

A

Organizational

40
Q

Which Big 5 personality traits reflect tightness?

(three)

A
  1. Conscientiousness
  2. Agreeableness
  3. Neuroticism (emotional stability)
41
Q

Which Big 5 personality traits reflect looseness?

(two)

A
  1. Openness
  2. Extraversion
42
Q

Interviewers display the interviewer illusion when they…

A

Are overconfident in their ability to select employees with unstructured interviews

43
Q

____ are more predictive of job success and use the same job-relevant questions for all applicants.

A

Structured interviews

44
Q

List seven biases that performance appraisals are vulnerable to.

A
  1. Halo
  2. Leniency
  3. Recency
  4. Attributional
  5. Affective
  6. Stereotyping
  7. Contrast
45
Q

360-degree feedback is very effective, but it is not…

A

Efficient

46
Q

Empowerment is determined by…

(three)

A
  1. Self-efficacy (training)
  2. Response-efficacy (education)
  3. Outcome-expectancy (motivation)
47
Q

List the six characteristics of SMARTS goals.

A
  1. Specific
  2. Motivational
  3. Achievable
  4. Relevant
  5. Trackable
  6. Shared
48
Q

The degree of direction and motivation needed by an employee determines…

A

Whether a leader should delegate, support, instruct, or coach

49
Q

____ leaders manage behavior.

A

Transactional

50
Q

____ leaders inspire self-motivation.

A

Transformational

51
Q

____ is AC4P behavior in the workplace.

A

Organizational citizenship behavior
(OCB)

52
Q

____ psychologists contribute to making appliances, machines, and work settings safe and user-friendly.

A

Human factors

PSYC 1004 (16 decks)

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