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Pharmacology > Final Exam Review Questions > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a side effect of taking ephedrine (Sudafed)?

A

agitation

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2
Q

What should be administered to a patient that has swallowed something caustic?

A

activated charcoal

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3
Q

For the drug Digoxin, besides checking the apical pulse, what else should be done before administering this medication?

A

The nurse should also check the patient’s potassium levels

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4
Q

What is the antidote for acetaminophen?

A

acetylcysteine

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5
Q

What are NSAIDs used for?

A

antipyretic (fever)
analgesic (pain)
anti-inflammatory (inflammation)

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6
Q

Dofetilide should be avoided in patients with these two things

A

a history of prolonged QT syndrome and severe kidney disease

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7
Q

How long should a patient wait to take their other medications after taking sodium bicarbonate?

A

at least 2 hours

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8
Q

Which diabetic drug requires supplementation of vitamin B12 and folic acid?

A

metformin

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9
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin?

A

Vitamin K (phytonadione)

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10
Q

Glucocorticoids can cause side effects such as these five

A

increased appetite
weight gain
insomnia
mood changes
increased risk of infections

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11
Q

Which foods should a patient with gout avoid?

A

high-purine foods (red meat, seafood) and alcohol

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12
Q

Before administering amphotericin B, which medication should be used to premedicate the patient?

A

acetaminophen (Tylenol)

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13
Q

What is the antidote for benzodiazepines?

A

flumazenil IV

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14
Q

When a patient is taking carbamazepine, what should be avoided?

A

grapefruit juice

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15
Q

What should be given to an unconscious and hypoglycemic patient?

A

glucagon

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16
Q

If a patient that is taking aminoglycosides tells the nurse, “My ears are ringing,” what should the nurse do next?

A

notify the MD

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17
Q

Dofetilide should not be taken with ______________

A

grapefruit juice

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18
Q

What is the most important to remember when taking oxymetazoline (Afrin)?

A

to discontinue use after 3 days due to a rebound effect

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19
Q

Which antiemetic drug cannot be placed via an intra-arterial insertion due to it causing severe tissue damage?

A

promethazine

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20
Q

What medication is used to treat herpes simplex virus?

A

acyclovir

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21
Q

When a patient is taking carbidopa-levodopa, what foods should they avoid?

A

foods containing pyroxidine (B6) (chicken, fish, legumes, nuts, cereal)

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22
Q

What is Burnett’s syndrome?

A

ingestion of an excess amount of milk (or dairy products) or the overuse of antacids

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23
Q

What is important to remember about administering flumazenil IV to a patient who has overdosed on a benzodiazepine?

A

it can cause rapid reversal of the drug leading to withdrawal symptoms such as agitation, anxiety, and seizures

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24
Q

What is the definition of “dependence”?

A

physiological need for drug to avoid withdrawal

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25
Q

What is an adverse effect of the medication finasteride?

A

ejaculatory dysfunction

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26
Q

What is the antidote for heparin?

A

Protamine sulfate

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27
Q

Dofetilide is a medication used to treat which complication?

A

heart rhythm disorders such as atrial fibrillation

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28
Q

If a drug has a low therapeutic index, what is required?

A

close monitoring

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29
Q

Beta blockers can mask the symptoms of ____________

A

hypoglycemia

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30
Q

Which electrolyte can cause irreversible brain stem damage if given too much, too fast?

A

sodium

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31
Q

What is used in the case of an opioid overdose?

A

naloxone

32
Q

True or False: PTT is used to determine the therapeutic levels of warfarin

A

False

33
Q

Which NSAID is used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain (5 days or less)?

A

ketorolac

34
Q

If a patient is allergic to cephalosporins, which other medication should be avoided?

A

penicillin

35
Q

Sulfonamides is contraindicated in patients with which three drug allergies?

A

sulfa drugs
thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics

36
Q

Which medication is given for signs and symptoms of Burnett’s syndrome?

A

calcium carbonate

37
Q

Antihistamines have these four common uses

A

common cold
allergic rhinitis
motion sickness
insomnia

38
Q

What medication has a Black Box warning for an increased risk of Torsade’s de Pointes?

A

quinidine

39
Q

What should the nurse remember to do prior to administering digoxin?

A

check apical pulse

40
Q

When should a nurse question estrogen replacement therapy?

A

in a patient with history of DVT

41
Q

What condition is misoprostol used to treat?

A

GI ulcer related to NSAID use

42
Q

What is a common side effect of NSAIDs?

A

GI upset

43
Q

What nursing education should be given when administering an anorexiant drug to a patient?

A

This medication should be used along with lifestyle and behavioral changes

44
Q

What medication results in red-orange bodily fluids?

A

rifampin

45
Q

Which labs should be monitored when taking gemfibrozil for myopathy?

A

creatine kinase (CK)

46
Q

What short-term medication is used for the treatment of gout?

A

colchicine

47
Q

At what time of day should statin medications be taken?

A

at night

48
Q

While taking guaifenesin (Mucinex), what should the patient be advised to do?

A

increase fluid intake

49
Q

What medication is used in patients experiencing opioid withdrawals?

A

methadone

50
Q

If a nurse has performed a medication error, what should be the next step?

A

assess the patient and stick to hospital policy

51
Q

What is the most common way a cold is transmitted?

A

touching contaminated surface

52
Q

For a person experiencing chest pain or angina, how many nitroglycerin tablets can be given before calling 911?

A

One tablet

53
Q

Finasteride is used to treat what two main conditions?

A

male pattern balding
enlarged prostate gland

54
Q

What is a common side effect of adenosine?

A

brief period of asystole

55
Q

What assessment is used for a patient who is suspected of abusing alcohol?

A

CAGE

56
Q

What would be a discharge teaching for alendronate (Fosamax)?

A

remain upright after taking (do not lie down within 30 minutes of taking)

57
Q

What is the priority nursing intervention when a nurse has an order for two IV solutions at the same time?

A

check compatibility with pharmacy

58
Q

When should diuretic medications be taken? Why?

A

in the morning to avoid nocturia

59
Q

What is a common barrier to effective drug use?

A

failure to understand reason for taking the medication

60
Q

What blood test is used to determine the therapeutic levels of warfarin?

A

INR

61
Q

What patient teaching should be included for when a patient has been prescribed Depo-Provera (Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate)?

A

monitor closely for osteoporosis

62
Q

IV contrast should not be used with metformin due to increased risk of ____________

A

kidney failure

63
Q

For patients taking statin drugs, what medication teaching should the nurse remember to tell the patient?

A

avoid grapefruit juice

64
Q

What long-term medication is used for the treatment of gout?

A

allopurinol

65
Q

Which routes can iron be administered?

A

oral, IV, IM, subQ

66
Q

When a patient is prescribed methylphenidate, what patient teaching should be included in regard to possible adverse effects of the drug?

A

weight loss

67
Q

Which medication has a side effect of gingival hyperplasia?

A

phenytoin

68
Q

What is the safest laxative for long-term use?

A

psyllium (bulk-forming)

69
Q

True or False: Glucocorticoids improve wound healing

A

False (it delays wound healing)

70
Q

What medication is used in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke to dissolve the blood clot causing the stroke?

A

alteplase (thrombolytic)

71
Q

For a patient taking iron, what dietary teaching should the nurse teach the patient?

A

Avoid milk because it impairs the absorption of iron

72
Q

What hypertensive drug is recommended for diabetics?

A

ACE inhibitors

73
Q

For a patient receiving a blood transfusion, what is the maximum time frame the nurse has from the time the blood leaves the fridge to the time the infusion starts?

A

4 hours

74
Q

What medication is the drug of choice for treating a patient with Parkinson’s disease?

A

carbidopa-levodopa

75
Q

What is important to remember about administering amphotericin B?

A

it requires close supervision due to risk of toxicity

76
Q

Which antifungal medication is contraindicated in patients with hepatic dysfunction?

A

amphotericin B

77
Q

Misoprostol is a medication that is used to treat what condition?

A

to prevent or treat ulcers

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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