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Final Exam Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a side effect of taking ephedrine (Sudafed)?

A

agitation

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2
Q

What should be administered to a patient that has swallowed something caustic?

A

activated charcoal

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3
Q

For the drug Digoxin, besides checking the apical pulse, what else should be done before administering this medication?

A

The nurse should also check the patient’s potassium levels

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4
Q

What is the antidote for acetaminophen?

A

acetylcysteine

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5
Q

What are NSAIDs used for?

A

antipyretic (fever)
analgesic (pain)
anti-inflammatory (inflammation)

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6
Q

Dofetilide should be avoided in patients with these two things

A

a history of prolonged QT syndrome and severe kidney disease

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7
Q

How long should a patient wait to take their other medications after taking sodium bicarbonate?

A

at least 2 hours

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8
Q

Which diabetic drug requires supplementation of vitamin B12 and folic acid?

A

metformin

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9
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin?

A

Vitamin K (phytonadione)

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10
Q

Glucocorticoids can cause side effects such as these five

A

increased appetite
weight gain
insomnia
mood changes
increased risk of infections

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11
Q

Which foods should a patient with gout avoid?

A

high-purine foods (red meat, seafood) and alcohol

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12
Q

Before administering amphotericin B, which medication should be used to premedicate the patient?

A

acetaminophen (Tylenol)

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13
Q

What is the antidote for benzodiazepines?

A

flumazenil IV

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14
Q

When a patient is taking carbamazepine, what should be avoided?

A

grapefruit juice

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15
Q

What should be given to an unconscious and hypoglycemic patient?

A

glucagon

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16
Q

If a patient that is taking aminoglycosides tells the nurse, “My ears are ringing,” what should the nurse do next?

A

notify the MD

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17
Q

Dofetilide should not be taken with ______________

A

grapefruit juice

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18
Q

What is the most important to remember when taking oxymetazoline (Afrin)?

A

to discontinue use after 3 days due to a rebound effect

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19
Q

Which antiemetic drug cannot be placed via an intra-arterial insertion due to it causing severe tissue damage?

A

promethazine

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20
Q

What medication is used to treat herpes simplex virus?

A

acyclovir

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21
Q

When a patient is taking carbidopa-levodopa, what foods should they avoid?

A

foods containing pyroxidine (B6) (chicken, fish, legumes, nuts, cereal)

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22
Q

What is Burnett’s syndrome?

A

ingestion of an excess amount of milk (or dairy products) or the overuse of antacids

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23
Q

What is important to remember about administering flumazenil IV to a patient who has overdosed on a benzodiazepine?

A

it can cause rapid reversal of the drug leading to withdrawal symptoms such as agitation, anxiety, and seizures

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24
Q

What is the definition of “dependence”?

A

physiological need for drug to avoid withdrawal

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25
What is an adverse effect of the medication finasteride?
ejaculatory dysfunction
26
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine sulfate
27
Dofetilide is a medication used to treat which complication?
heart rhythm disorders such as atrial fibrillation
28
If a drug has a low therapeutic index, what is required?
close monitoring
29
Beta blockers can mask the symptoms of ____________
hypoglycemia
30
Which electrolyte can cause irreversible brain stem damage if given too much, too fast?
sodium
31
What is used in the case of an opioid overdose?
naloxone
32
True or False: PTT is used to determine the therapeutic levels of warfarin
False
33
Which NSAID is used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain (5 days or less)?
ketorolac
34
If a patient is allergic to cephalosporins, which other medication should be avoided?
penicillin
35
Sulfonamides is contraindicated in patients with which three drug allergies?
sulfa drugs thiazide diuretics loop diuretics
36
Which medication is given for signs and symptoms of Burnett's syndrome?
calcium carbonate
37
Antihistamines have these four common uses
common cold allergic rhinitis motion sickness insomnia
38
What medication has a Black Box warning for an increased risk of Torsade's de Pointes?
quinidine
39
What should the nurse remember to do prior to administering digoxin?
check apical pulse
40
When should a nurse question estrogen replacement therapy?
in a patient with history of DVT
41
What condition is misoprostol used to treat?
GI ulcer related to NSAID use
42
What is a common side effect of NSAIDs?
GI upset
43
What nursing education should be given when administering an anorexiant drug to a patient?
This medication should be used along with lifestyle and behavioral changes
44
What medication results in red-orange bodily fluids?
rifampin
45
Which labs should be monitored when taking gemfibrozil for myopathy?
creatine kinase (CK)
46
What short-term medication is used for the treatment of gout?
colchicine
47
At what time of day should statin medications be taken?
at night
48
While taking guaifenesin (Mucinex), what should the patient be advised to do?
increase fluid intake
49
What medication is used in patients experiencing opioid withdrawals?
methadone
50
If a nurse has performed a medication error, what should be the next step?
assess the patient and stick to hospital policy
51
What is the most common way a cold is transmitted?
touching contaminated surface
52
For a person experiencing chest pain or angina, how many nitroglycerin tablets can be given before calling 911?
One tablet
53
Finasteride is used to treat what two main conditions?
male pattern balding enlarged prostate gland
54
What is a common side effect of adenosine?
brief period of asystole
55
What assessment is used for a patient who is suspected of abusing alcohol?
CAGE
56
What would be a discharge teaching for alendronate (Fosamax)?
remain upright after taking (do not lie down within 30 minutes of taking)
57
What is the priority nursing intervention when a nurse has an order for two IV solutions at the same time?
check compatibility with pharmacy
58
When should diuretic medications be taken? Why?
in the morning to avoid nocturia
59
What is a common barrier to effective drug use?
failure to understand reason for taking the medication
60
What blood test is used to determine the therapeutic levels of warfarin?
INR
61
What patient teaching should be included for when a patient has been prescribed Depo-Provera (Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate)?
monitor closely for osteoporosis
62
IV contrast should not be used with metformin due to increased risk of ____________
kidney failure
63
For patients taking statin drugs, what medication teaching should the nurse remember to tell the patient?
avoid grapefruit juice
64
What long-term medication is used for the treatment of gout?
allopurinol
65
Which routes can iron be administered?
oral, IV, IM, subQ
66
When a patient is prescribed methylphenidate, what patient teaching should be included in regard to possible adverse effects of the drug?
weight loss
67
Which medication has a side effect of gingival hyperplasia?
phenytoin
68
What is the safest laxative for long-term use?
psyllium (bulk-forming)
69
True or False: Glucocorticoids improve wound healing
False (it delays wound healing)
70
What medication is used in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke to dissolve the blood clot causing the stroke?
alteplase (thrombolytic)
71
For a patient taking iron, what dietary teaching should the nurse teach the patient?
Avoid milk because it impairs the absorption of iron
72
What hypertensive drug is recommended for diabetics?
ACE inhibitors
73
For a patient receiving a blood transfusion, what is the maximum time frame the nurse has from the time the blood leaves the fridge to the time the infusion starts?
4 hours
74
What medication is the drug of choice for treating a patient with Parkinson's disease?
carbidopa-levodopa
75
What is important to remember about administering amphotericin B?
it requires close supervision due to risk of toxicity
76
Which antifungal medication is contraindicated in patients with hepatic dysfunction?
amphotericin B
77
Misoprostol is a medication that is used to treat what condition?
to prevent or treat ulcers

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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