Chapters 51 and 52: Bowel Disorder Drugs; Antiemetic and Antinausea

Question 1

this laxative drug class is most likely to result in dependence

Answer 1

stimulant laxatives

Question 2

usual cause of traveler’s diarrhea

Answer 2

E. coli

Question 3

if vomiting is contraindicated, these two methods can be used instead of giving an emetic

Answer 3

activated charcoal, gastric lavage

Question 4

side effects include tongue/stool discoloration, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, drowsiness

Answer 4

adsorbents (bismuth subsalicylate)

Question 5

specific drug commonly administered in a 72-hour patch behind the ear

Answer 5

scopolamine

Question 6

drug class contraindicated in seizure disorders, breast cancer, GI obstruction

Answer 6

prokinetic drugs

Question 7

to prevent traveler’s diarrhea, drink _________ water, _____ fruit, eat ________ vegetables, and eat _______________ meats

Answer 7

bottled, wash, cooked, well-done cooked

Question 8

three drug classes indicated for motion sickness

Answer 8

anticholinergics, antihistamine H1 blockers, antidopaminergics

Question 9

coats wall of GI tract and adsorbs bacteria or toxins causing diarrhea (contains ASA)

Answer 9

adsorbents (bismuth subsalicylate)

Question 10

when taking opiates and opiate-related agents for diarrhea, notify provider if diarrhea persists for longer than ________, of any ________, _________ in stool, or development of _________________________

Answer 10

2 days, fever, blood, acute abdominal pain

Question 11

side effects include intestinal obstruction from insufficient fluid intake (requires liberal amounts of water)

Answer 11

bulk-forming laxatives

Question 12

after giving antiemetics, monitor these

Answer 12

bowel sounds for hypoactivity or hyperactivity

Question 13

this drug class is contraindicated in patients with heart failure

Answer 13

saline laxatives

Question 14

drug that is a synthetic derivative of THC

Answer 14

dronabinol

Question 15

check ___________ before administering antiemetics

Answer 15

vital signs

Question 16

drug class used as appetite suppressant

Answer 16

cannabinoids

Question 17

side effects include fluid and electrolyte imbalances, hypotension, weakness, cramps, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea

Answer 17

saline laxatives

Question 18

avoid these activities when taking opiates and opiate-related agents

Answer 18

driving, activities that require alertness

Question 19

oral onset of action of promethazine

Answer 19

15-60 minutes

Question 20

when giving laxatives, encourage patient to increase _____________

Answer 20

water intake

Question 21

side effects include extrapyramidal symptoms (restless, weakness, agitation), dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, sedation, hypotension

Answer 21

promethazine (antidopaminergics)

Question 22

drug used for treatment of vertigo

Answer 22

meclizine

Question 23

drug class indicated for secretion reduction before surgery

Answer 23

anticholinergic

Question 24

to give bulk-forming laxatives, mix in glass of _______ or ________, stir and drink ____________ to avoid throat/esophageal obstruction, and follow with __________________

Answer 24

water, juice, immediately, 1 full glass of water

Question 25

drug class commonly used to clear bowels before diagnostic and surgical procedures

Answer 25

hyperosmotic laxatives

Question 26

eight nonpharmacologic measures for nausea and vomiting

Answer 26

weak tea, flat soda, gelatin, Pedialyte, Gatorade, crackers, dry toast, cool rag

Question 27

this drug class is used to prevent opioid induced constipation and decrease straining during defecation

Answer 27

emollients (stool softeners)

Question 28

this drug class absorbs water into intestines; promotes well-formed, soft stools

Answer 28

bulk-forming laxatives

Question 29

must avoid intraarterial insertion due to severe tissue damage that will require amputation

Answer 29

promethazine

Question 30

do not give emetics (avoid vomiting) if substance ingested is _____________ or __________________

Answer 30

caustic, petroleum distillates

Question 31

laxatives are contraindicated in these five conditions

Answer 31

undiagnosed abdominal pain inflammatory disorders of GI tract (appendicitis, diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis) spastic colon bowel obstruction pregnancy

Question 32

safest laxatives and only laxatives recommended for long-term use

Answer 32

bulk-forming laxatives

Question 33

avoid engaging in these activities while taking antiemetics

Answer 33

driving a motor vehicle, dangerous activities

Question 34

this drug class is used as a fleet enema; draws water into the colon producing watery stool within 3-6 hours

Answer 34

saline laxatives

Question 35

three routes available for promethazine adminstration

Answer 35

oral, IV, suppository

Question 36

decreases hypermotility by activating these receptors in GI tract

Answer 36

opiates, opiate-related agents

Question 37

drug class that blocks serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)

Answer 37

serotonin receptor antagonists

Question 38

drug class contraindicated in psychiatric disorders

Answer 38

cannabinoids

Question 39

avoid using opiates and opiate-related agents in patients experiencing diarrhea as a result of this

Answer 39

toxic bacteria

Question 40

when giving laxatives, monitor these two things

Answer 40

fluid intake and output fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Question 41

when giving laxatives, inform patient to consume foods high in ________

Answer 41

fiber

Question 42

long-term use of this drug class can cause extrapyramidal side effects, particularly tardive dyskinesia

Answer 42

prokinetic drugs

Question 43

two drug classes contraindicated in glaucoma, urinary retention/obstruction

Answer 43

anticholinergics, antihistamines

Question 44

drug class that allows the liquid to adhere to its surface

Answer 44

adsorbents

Question 45

characterized by severe diarrhea that lasts 2 days

Answer 45

traveler's diarrhea

Question 46

recommended doses of opiates and opiate-related agents for diarrhea (do, do not) affect CNS symptoms

Answer 46

do not

Question 47

side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, hypotension, fatigue, headache, agitation, diarrhea

Answer 47

serotonin receptor antagonists

Question 48

this drug class does not cause defecation

Answer 48

emollients (stool softeners)

Question 49

when giving laxatives, advise patient to avoid ____________ and warn against _____________

Answer 49

overuse, long-term use

Question 50

do not consume __________ while taking antiemetics

Answer 50

alcohol

Question 51

drug used to induce vomiting after consuming toxic substance

Answer 51

ipecac

Question 52

drug class used for hyperemesis gravidarum

Answer 52

serotonin receptor antagonists

Question 53

side effects of these two drug classes include drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation

Answer 53

anticholinergics, antihistamines

Question 54

avoid using ___________ or _____________ with opiates and opiate-related agents

Answer 54

alcohol, other CNS depressants

Question 55

drug class indicated for nausea/vomiting with chemotherapy and anorexia in patients with AIDS or cancer

Answer 55

tetrahydrocannabinoids

Question 56

this drug class can cause hypermagnesemia in people with renal insufficiency

Answer 56

saline laxatives

Question 57

this drug class lowers surface tension and promotes water accumulation in intestine and stool

Answer 57

emollients (stool softeners)

Question 58

IV onset of action of promethazine

Answer 58

3-5 minutes

Question 59

drug class indicated for nausea/vomiting with chemotherapy and post surgery

Answer 59

serotonin blockers