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Pharmacology > Chapter 32: Diabetes Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 32: Diabetes Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

can result in more severe GI effects that can result in weight loss

A

metformin

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2
Q

insulin has greater absorption in the __________

A

abdomen

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3
Q

can result in vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency

A

metformin

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4
Q

glucagon is available in these two forms

A

IV, oral

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5
Q

can cause lactic acidosis (hyperventilation, myalgia, sluggish, cold and clammy skin) with 50% mortality rate

A

metformin

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6
Q

long-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

A

onset: 1-1.5 hours
peak: none
duration: 24 hours

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7
Q

recommended as initial oral drug of choice in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes if no contraindications exist

A

metformin

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8
Q

this is not a good choice for a fast-acting carbohydrate

A

table sugar

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9
Q

short-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

A

onset: 30-60 minutes
peak: 2.5 hours
duration: 6-10 hours

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10
Q

unopened vials of insulin are stored in ___________

A

refrigerator

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11
Q

rotating insulin injection sites can help prevent this

A

lipodystrophy

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12
Q

increases blood glucose by stimulated glycogenolysis

A

glucagon

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13
Q

type of insulin that is sometimes referred to as basal insulin

A

long-acting insulin

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14
Q

BG levels increase within 10 minutes

A

glucagon

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15
Q

avoid alcohol due to disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, headache, sweating, nausea, vomiting, weakness)

A

second-generation sulfonylureas

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16
Q

only type of insulin that can be given IV

A

regular insulin (short-acting)

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17
Q

examples of 15 g of carbohydrates

A

4 oz orange juice
2 oz grape juice
8 oz milk
glucose tablets

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18
Q

has adjusted doses dependent on individual blood glucose

A

sliding-scale insulin coverage

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19
Q

_______ and __________ can increase insulin absorption, while __________ can decrease absorption

A

Heat, massage, cooling

20
Q

used in situations where the patient has extreme variances in requirements (stress, surgery, illness, or injection)

A

sliding-scale insulin coverage

21
Q

stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete more insulin (requires functioning beta cells)

A

second-generation sulfonylureas

22
Q

opened vials of insulin are kept _______________ for one month or kept _______________ for three months

A

at room temperature; in the fridge

23
Q

glycosuria can result when BG is >___

A

180

24
Q

hypoglycemic reactions are more likely to occur during ______ action time

A

peak

25
Q

type of diabetes that occurs after certain medications (glucocorticoids, thiazide diuretics, epinephrine) are taken

A

secondary

26
Q

should be administered within 10-15 minutes before mealtime

A

rapid-acting insulin

27
Q

ADA recommends insulin is injected _________ at a chosen site for _______

A

daily, 1 week

28
Q

avoid storing insulin in these two conditions

A

direct sunlight
high temperatures

29
Q

type of insulin that appears cloudy

A

intermediate-acting

30
Q

rapid-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

A

onset: 15 minutes
peak: 1-2 hours
duration: 3-4 hours

31
Q

five contraindications of metformin

A

renal disease for dysfunction (creatine clearance <30 mL/min)
alcoholism
heart failure
metabolic acidosis
hepatic disease

32
Q

used for blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes in conjunction with lifestyle changes

A

oral antidiabetic drugs

33
Q

results in large swings in glucose control

A

sliding-scale insulin coverage

34
Q

contraindicated in type 1 diabetes

A

second-generation sulfonylureas

35
Q

preferred method of treatment for hospitalized diabetic patients that involves a combination of insulin types

A

basal bolus insulin therapy

36
Q

tissue atrophy (dent) or hypertrophy (lump)

A

lipodystrophy

37
Q

types of insulin that appear clear

A

rapid-acting, short-acting

38
Q

decreases hepatic production of glucose from stored glycogen and increases muscular glucose uptake and use

A

metformin

39
Q

should be withheld before IV contrast dye and 48 hours following because of risk of lactic acidosis or acute renal failure

A

metformin

40
Q

monitor A1C to provide feedback of diabetic control when taking this medication

A

insulin

41
Q

intermediate-acting onset, peak, and duration

A

onset: 1-2 hours
peak: 4-8 hours
duration: 10-18 hours

42
Q

hyperglycemic hormone secreted by alpha cells of islets of Langerhans in pancreas

A

glucagon

43
Q

mimics a healthy pancreas

A

basal bolus insulin therapy

44
Q

best if taken 30 minutes prior to meal

A

second-generation sulfonylureas

45
Q

used for insulin-induced hypoglycemia when other methods are not available

A

glucagon

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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