Chapters 41 and 42: Antitubercular and Antifungal Drugs Flashcards
treats severe, systemic fungal infections
amphotericin B
shortens duration of signs and symptoms
antivirals
black box warning for prolonged QT syndrome
bedaquiline
binds to fungal cell membranes, causing cell permeability and leakage of cellular contents
amphotericin B
contraindicated in patients with severe liver disease or acute gout
pyrazinamide
indicated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
bedaquiline
adherence to drug therapy important
antitubercular
for drug-resistant TB, give a minimum of ___ drugs and ideally _____ drugs
3; 4-5
administer orally without food for better absorption
isoniazid (INH)
indicated for candidiasis and Tinea infections
azoles
contraindicated in people with optic neuritis (can cause vision changes and blindness)
ethambutol
isoniazid may be prescribed with _________ (also known as ___________) to avoid vitamin B deficiency and minimize peripheral neuropathy
pyridoxine, vitamin B6
monitor IV site for phlebitis
amphotericin B
treatment for herpes
acyclovir
turns body fluids orange
rifampin
contraindicated in people younger than 13
ethambutol
people who have had ____ vaccine will have a false positive PPD test
BCG
take with food to aid absorption
bedaquiline
given IV in low doses
amphotericin B
make sure IM solution is free of crystals
isoniazid (INH)
___ test is given over ___________ to see if patient can handle amphotericin B
1 mg, 20-30 minutes
adverse effects include fever, chills, hypotension, tachycardia, malaise, muscle and joint pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting
amphotericin B
direct observation therapy required
acute tuberculosis
first line of treatment for tuberculosis
isoniazid (INH)
antituberculosis treatment can last up to _________
24 months
long half life
amphotericin B
combination therapy is more effective than a single drug
antitubercular
given alone or with another antituberculosis medication
rifampin
to avoid reactions to amphotericin B, pretreat ________ (how long) before administration with ___________, _____________, ____________, and a(n) _________
30-60 minutes, acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, hydrocortisone, antiemetic
monitor liver and kidneys
antitubercular
side effects include peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, and hyperglycemia in DM patients
isoniazid (INH)
requires close supervision with administration because of toxicity
amphotericin B
infusion reaction to amphotericin B usually begins ____ after initiating drug
1-3 hours
begin treatment within 48 hours of symptoms
antivirals oseltamivir and zanamivir
virus begins replicating 24 hours before symptoms begin
influenza
not absorbed from the GI tract
amphotericin B
side effects include nephrotoxicity and phlebitis with injection
acyclovir
side effects include dizziness, headache, insomnia, fatigue, GI distress, abnormal behavior
antivirals
azole routes include _____, _____, ________, and _______
oral, IV, vaginal, topical
