Chapters 41 and 42: Antitubercular and Antifungal Drugs

Question 1

treats severe, systemic fungal infections

Answer 1

amphotericin B

Question 2

shortens duration of signs and symptoms

Answer 2

antivirals

Question 3

black box warning for prolonged QT syndrome

Answer 3

bedaquiline

Question 4

binds to fungal cell membranes, causing cell permeability and leakage of cellular contents

Answer 4

amphotericin B

Question 5

contraindicated in patients with severe liver disease or acute gout

Answer 5

pyrazinamide

Question 6

indicated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Answer 6

bedaquiline

Question 7

adherence to drug therapy important

Answer 7

antitubercular

Question 8

for drug-resistant TB, give a minimum of ___ drugs and ideally _____ drugs

Answer 8

3; 4-5

Question 9

administer orally without food for better absorption

Answer 9

isoniazid (INH)

Question 10

indicated for candidiasis and Tinea infections

Answer 10

azoles

Question 11

contraindicated in people with optic neuritis (can cause vision changes and blindness)

Answer 11

ethambutol

Question 12

isoniazid may be prescribed with _________ (also known as ___________) to avoid vitamin B deficiency and minimize peripheral neuropathy

Answer 12

pyridoxine, vitamin B6

Question 13

monitor IV site for phlebitis

Answer 13

amphotericin B

Question 14

treatment for herpes

Answer 14

acyclovir

Question 15

turns body fluids orange

Answer 15

rifampin

Question 16

contraindicated in people younger than 13

Answer 16

ethambutol

Question 17

people who have had ____ vaccine will have a false positive PPD test

Answer 17

BCG

Question 18

take with food to aid absorption

Answer 18

bedaquiline

Question 19

given IV in low doses

Answer 19

amphotericin B

Question 20

make sure IM solution is free of crystals

Answer 20

isoniazid (INH)

Question 21

___ test is given over ___________ to see if patient can handle amphotericin B

Answer 21

1 mg, 20-30 minutes

Question 22

adverse effects include fever, chills, hypotension, tachycardia, malaise, muscle and joint pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting

Answer 22

amphotericin B

Question 23

direct observation therapy required

Answer 23

acute tuberculosis

Question 24

first line of treatment for tuberculosis

Answer 24

isoniazid (INH)

Question 25

antituberculosis treatment can last up to _________

Answer 25

24 months

Question 26

long half life

Answer 26

amphotericin B

Question 27

combination therapy is more effective than a single drug

Answer 27

antitubercular

Question 28

given alone or with another antituberculosis medication

Answer 28

rifampin

Question 29

to avoid reactions to amphotericin B, pretreat ________ (how long) before administration with ___________, _____________, ____________, and a(n) _________

Answer 29

30-60 minutes, acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, hydrocortisone, antiemetic

Question 30

monitor liver and kidneys

Answer 30

antitubercular

Question 31

side effects include peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, and hyperglycemia in DM patients

Answer 31

isoniazid (INH)

Question 32

requires close supervision with administration because of toxicity

Answer 32

amphotericin B

Question 33

infusion reaction to amphotericin B usually begins ____ after initiating drug

Answer 33

1-3 hours

Question 34

begin treatment within 48 hours of symptoms

Answer 34

antivirals oseltamivir and zanamivir

Question 35

virus begins replicating 24 hours before symptoms begin

Answer 35

influenza

Question 36

not absorbed from the GI tract

Answer 36

amphotericin B

Question 37

side effects include nephrotoxicity and phlebitis with injection

Answer 37

acyclovir

Question 38

side effects include dizziness, headache, insomnia, fatigue, GI distress, abnormal behavior

Answer 38

antivirals

Question 39

azole routes include _____, _____, ________, and _______

Answer 39

oral, IV, vaginal, topical