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Pharmacology > Chapters 38 and 39: Antibacterial Drugs > Flashcards

Chapters 38 and 39: Antibacterial Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

therapy used to prevent infection

A

prophylactic therapy

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2
Q

given for bone infections

A

fluoroquinolones

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3
Q

most common reactions are urticaria, pruritus, and angioedema

A

penicillin

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4
Q

can cause ototoxicity

A

vancomycin, aminoglycosides

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5
Q

treats chlamydial infections

A

macrolides

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6
Q

used to treat syphilis

A

PCN G

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7
Q

severe reactions to antibiotics typically occur within ____________

A

20-30 minutes

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8
Q

Disinfectants are used for (nonliving objects, living tissues), have a (lower, higher) potency, and are (bacteriostatic, bactericidal) against organisms

A

nonliving objects, higher, bactericidal

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9
Q

results in disulfiram reaction to alcohol

A

cephalosporins, metronidazole

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10
Q

results from too rapid of injection of vancomycin

A

red man/neck syndrome

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11
Q

Disease-producing bacteria reproduce by cell division every __________

A

20 minutes

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12
Q

severe bronchoconstriction with stridor, hypotension, and airway swelling can occur

A

penicillin

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13
Q

milk products prevent absorption of the medication (separate by 2 hours)

A

tetracyclines

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14
Q

side effects include dizziness, nasal congestion, and headache

A

metronidazole

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15
Q

primarily given IV and IM because not absorbed well via GI tract

A

aminoglycosides

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16
Q

monitor for cardiovascular side effects (palpitations, chest pain, QT prolongation, dizziness)

A

macrolides

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17
Q

complications include blood dyscrasias, crystalluria, and hyperkalemia

A

sulfonamides

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18
Q

treats active tuberculosis

A

streptomycin

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19
Q

this drug class comes in first to fifth generations

A

cephalosporins

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20
Q

can cause discoloration (yellow, brown) of permanent teeth, tongue, and nails

A

tetracyclines

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21
Q

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

A

lincosamides

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22
Q

broad-spectrum antibiotics are examples of _________ therapy

A

empiric

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23
Q

infection acquired by someone who has not recently been in the hospital or had a medical procedure

A

community-associated infection

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24
Q

contraindicated in people with liver disease

A

macrolides

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25
avoid alcohol ________ before and ________ after taking metronidazole
24 hours, 36 hours
26
side effects include headache, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting
linezolid
27
given for upper and lower respiratory tract infections
macrolides
28
IV doses of cephalosporins should be infused over _____________ to prevent ________ and _________
30 minutes, pain, irritation
29
Achilles tendon rupture is a potential side effect
fluoroquinolones
30
never given IM because they are too painful
macrolides
31
treats vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (VRE)
linezolid
32
contraindicated in ulcerative colitis
lincosamides
33
macrolides are ____________ with low to moderate doses and ___________ with high doses
bacteriostatic, bactericidal
34
given for skin infections
macrolides, fluoroquinolones
35
allergic reaction to penicillin typically occurs within ___________ of administration
30 minutes
36
avoid alcohol while taking and for 3 days after completion
cephalosporins
37
used for gynecologic and intrabdominal infections
metronidazole
38
do not use for QT prolongation
macrolides
39
commonly used for bacterial decontamination of GI tract before surgery
neomycin
40
treat anthrax poisoning
tetracyclines ciprofloxacin
41
can cause nephrotoxicity (assess renal function)
vancomycin, aminoglycosides
42
monitor for allergic reactions
penicillin
43
use cautiously in kidney disease
penicillin
44
given for UTIs
macrolides, fluoroquinolones (complicated only), sulfonamides
45
the first symptom of a hypersensitivity/allergic reaction is usually _____________
shortness of breath
46
infection that occurs following care at a healthcare institution
health-care-associated (nosocomial) infection
47
fungus that was discovered in seawater at a sewer outlet in Sardinia
cephalosporin
48
to prevent superinfections, consider adding _________ or __________ to diet
probiotics, yogurt
49
examples of superinfections caused by antibiotic use
C. difficile, thrush/yeast infections
50
use caution in individuals with bleeding disorders or anticoagulant use
cephalosporins
51
do not administer to individuals with allergies to these drugs, thiazide diuretics, or loop diuretics
sulfonamides
52
antibiotics that are effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
broad spectrum antibiotics
53
these two drug categories are chemically related (use with caution in those with known allergy to one, monitor closely)
penicillin, cephalosporin
54
presumptive treatment of an infection to avoid treatment delay in which treatment is started before the offending bacteria is identified
empiric therapy
55
avoid tyramine-containing foods
linezolid
56
increase the effect of oral anticoagulants
tetracyclines
57
monitor liver function in those taking for longer than 2 weeks
macrolides
58
treat Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
tetracyclines
59
can cause photosensitivity
tetracyclines
60
type of resistance caused by prior exposure to antibacterial drug
acquired resistance
61
passes through blood-brain barrier and can be used to treat meningitis
ceftriaxone
62
requires serum monitoring
vancomycin, aminoglycosides
63
resistance that occurs without previous exposure to the antibacterial drug
natural resistance
64
inhibit enzyme needed for DNA replication
fluoroquinolones
65
5-10% of people will experience an allergic reaction to this
penicillin
66
not common with antibiotic therapy lasting less than a week
superinfection
67
increased risk of serotonin syndrome with SSRI use (agitation, muscle rigidity, diarrhea, rapid heart rate, rapid blood pressure, confusion)
linezolid
68
red man/neck syndrome is a (toxic effect, allergic reaction) from giving the drug ____________
toxic effect, vancomycin
69
drug of choice for anthrax infection
ciprofloxacin
70
administration of antibiotics is based on known results of culture and sensitivity
definitive therapy
71
resistance that can occur between antibacterial drugs that have similar actions
cross-resistance
72
treats Legionnaire's disease
macrolides
73
used for treatment of C. difficile diarrhea
fidaxomicin
74
the (first, second, third, fourth, fifth) generation of cephalosporins is most likely to reach CSF fluid and most effective against gram negative bacteria
fifth
75
can treat those with penicillin allergy
macrolides
76
narrow-spectrum antibiotics are an example of ____________ therapy
definitive
77
C. difficile is common
lincosamides
78
do not give tetracyclines to children younger than __________
8 years
79
a natural antibiotic obtained from mold
penicillin
80
another name for beta-lactam antibiotics
penicillin
81
treats recurrent pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis
tobramycin
82
results from killing healthy bacteria
superinfection
83
macrolides are ________ spectrum antibiotics
broad
84
inhibit protein synthesis
macrolides
85
drug of choice for MRSA
vancomycin
86
Antiseptics are used for (nonliving objects, living tissues), have a (lower, higher) potency, and are (bacteriostatic, bactericidal) against organisms
living tissues, lower, bacteriostatic
87
antibiotics that are primarily effective against one bacteria type
narrow spectrum antibiotics
88
administer slowly, at least over 60 minutes
vancomycin

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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