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Pharmacology > Chapters 38 and 39: Antibacterial Drugs > Flashcards

Chapters 38 and 39: Antibacterial Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

therapy used to prevent infection

A

prophylactic therapy

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2
Q

given for bone infections

A

fluoroquinolones

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3
Q

most common reactions are urticaria, pruritus, and angioedema

A

penicillin

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4
Q

can cause ototoxicity

A

vancomycin, aminoglycosides

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5
Q

treats chlamydial infections

A

macrolides

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6
Q

used to treat syphilis

A

PCN G

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7
Q

severe reactions to antibiotics typically occur within ____________

A

20-30 minutes

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8
Q

Disinfectants are used for (nonliving objects, living tissues), have a (lower, higher) potency, and are (bacteriostatic, bactericidal) against organisms

A

nonliving objects, higher, bactericidal

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9
Q

results in disulfiram reaction to alcohol

A

cephalosporins, metronidazole

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10
Q

results from too rapid of injection of vancomycin

A

red man/neck syndrome

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11
Q

Disease-producing bacteria reproduce by cell division every __________

A

20 minutes

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12
Q

severe bronchoconstriction with stridor, hypotension, and airway swelling can occur

A

penicillin

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13
Q

milk products prevent absorption of the medication (separate by 2 hours)

A

tetracyclines

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14
Q

side effects include dizziness, nasal congestion, and headache

A

metronidazole

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15
Q

primarily given IV and IM because not absorbed well via GI tract

A

aminoglycosides

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16
Q

monitor for cardiovascular side effects (palpitations, chest pain, QT prolongation, dizziness)

A

macrolides

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17
Q

complications include blood dyscrasias, crystalluria, and hyperkalemia

A

sulfonamides

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18
Q

treats active tuberculosis

A

streptomycin

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19
Q

this drug class comes in first to fifth generations

A

cephalosporins

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20
Q

can cause discoloration (yellow, brown) of permanent teeth, tongue, and nails

A

tetracyclines

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21
Q

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

A

lincosamides

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22
Q

broad-spectrum antibiotics are examples of _________ therapy

A

empiric

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23
Q

infection acquired by someone who has not recently been in the hospital or had a medical procedure

A

community-associated infection

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24
Q

contraindicated in people with liver disease

A

macrolides

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25
Q

avoid alcohol ________ before and ________ after taking metronidazole

A

24 hours, 36 hours

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26
Q

side effects include headache, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting

A

linezolid

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27
Q

given for upper and lower respiratory tract infections

A

macrolides

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28
Q

IV doses of cephalosporins should be infused over _____________ to prevent ________ and _________

A

30 minutes, pain, irritation

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29
Q

Achilles tendon rupture is a potential side effect

A

fluoroquinolones

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30
Q

never given IM because they are too painful

A

macrolides

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31
Q

treats vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (VRE)

A

linezolid

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32
Q

contraindicated in ulcerative colitis

A

lincosamides

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33
Q

macrolides are ____________ with low to moderate doses and ___________ with high doses

A

bacteriostatic, bactericidal

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34
Q

given for skin infections

A

macrolides, fluoroquinolones

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35
Q

allergic reaction to penicillin typically occurs within ___________ of administration

A

30 minutes

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36
Q

avoid alcohol while taking and for 3 days after completion

A

cephalosporins

37
Q

used for gynecologic and intrabdominal infections

A

metronidazole

38
Q

do not use for QT prolongation

A

macrolides

39
Q

commonly used for bacterial decontamination of GI tract before surgery

40
Q

treat anthrax poisoning

A

tetracyclines
ciprofloxacin

41
Q

can cause nephrotoxicity (assess renal function)

A

vancomycin, aminoglycosides

42
Q

monitor for allergic reactions

A

penicillin

43
Q

use cautiously in kidney disease

A

penicillin

44
Q

given for UTIs

A

macrolides, fluoroquinolones (complicated only), sulfonamides

45
Q

the first symptom of a hypersensitivity/allergic reaction is usually _____________

A

shortness of breath

46
Q

infection that occurs following care at a healthcare institution

A

health-care-associated (nosocomial) infection

47
Q

fungus that was discovered in seawater at a sewer outlet in Sardinia

A

cephalosporin

48
Q

to prevent superinfections, consider adding _________ or __________ to diet

A

probiotics, yogurt

49
Q

examples of superinfections caused by antibiotic use

A

C. difficile, thrush/yeast infections

50
Q

use caution in individuals with bleeding disorders or anticoagulant use

A

cephalosporins

51
Q

do not administer to individuals with allergies to these drugs, thiazide diuretics, or loop diuretics

A

sulfonamides

52
Q

antibiotics that are effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

A

broad spectrum antibiotics

53
Q

these two drug categories are chemically related (use with caution in those with known allergy to one, monitor closely)

A

penicillin, cephalosporin

54
Q

presumptive treatment of an infection to avoid treatment delay in which treatment is started before the offending bacteria is identified

A

empiric therapy

55
Q

avoid tyramine-containing foods

56
Q

increase the effect of oral anticoagulants

A

tetracyclines

57
Q

monitor liver function in those taking for longer than 2 weeks

A

macrolides

58
Q

treat Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

tetracyclines

59
Q

can cause photosensitivity

A

tetracyclines

60
Q

type of resistance caused by prior exposure to antibacterial drug

A

acquired resistance

61
Q

passes through blood-brain barrier and can be used to treat meningitis

A

ceftriaxone

62
Q

requires serum monitoring

A

vancomycin, aminoglycosides

63
Q

resistance that occurs without previous exposure to the antibacterial drug

A

natural resistance

64
Q

inhibit enzyme needed for DNA replication

A

fluoroquinolones

65
Q

5-10% of people will experience an allergic reaction to this

A

penicillin

66
Q

not common with antibiotic therapy lasting less than a week

A

superinfection

67
Q

increased risk of serotonin syndrome with SSRI use (agitation, muscle rigidity, diarrhea, rapid heart rate, rapid blood pressure, confusion)

68
Q

red man/neck syndrome is a (toxic effect, allergic reaction) from giving the drug ____________

A

toxic effect, vancomycin

69
Q

drug of choice for anthrax infection

A

ciprofloxacin

70
Q

administration of antibiotics is based on known results of culture and sensitivity

A

definitive therapy

71
Q

resistance that can occur between antibacterial drugs that have similar actions

A

cross-resistance

72
Q

treats Legionnaire’s disease

A

macrolides

73
Q

used for treatment of C. difficile diarrhea

A

fidaxomicin

74
Q

the (first, second, third, fourth, fifth) generation of cephalosporins is most likely to reach CSF fluid and most effective against gram negative bacteria

75
Q

can treat those with penicillin allergy

A

macrolides

76
Q

narrow-spectrum antibiotics are an example of ____________ therapy

A

definitive

77
Q

C. difficile is common

A

lincosamides

78
Q

do not give tetracyclines to children younger than __________

79
Q

a natural antibiotic obtained from mold

A

penicillin

80
Q

another name for beta-lactam antibiotics

A

penicillin

81
Q

treats recurrent pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis

A

tobramycin

82
Q

results from killing healthy bacteria

A

superinfection

83
Q

macrolides are ________ spectrum antibiotics

84
Q

inhibit protein synthesis

A

macrolides

85
Q

drug of choice for MRSA

A

vancomycin

86
Q

Antiseptics are used for (nonliving objects, living tissues), have a (lower, higher) potency, and are (bacteriostatic, bactericidal) against organisms

A

living tissues, lower, bacteriostatic

87
Q

antibiotics that are primarily effective against one bacteria type

A

narrow spectrum antibiotics

88
Q

administer slowly, at least over 60 minutes

A

vancomycin

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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