Chapter 28: Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

used for pulmonary edema caused by heart failure

A

loop diuretics

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2
Q

onset of action for IV furosemide is ___________

A

5 minutes

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3
Q

contraindicated in patients with sulfa allergies (chemically related to sulfonamide antibiotics)

A

loop diuretics

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4
Q

increases urine flow by inhibiting sodium and water resorption from the kidney tubules; impacts different segments of renal tubules

A

diuretics

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5
Q

eat foods high in potassium

A

thiazide diuretics

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6
Q

six unique side effects of loop diuretics

A

hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia (these are same as in thiazides)
hypocalcemia
ototoxicity
skin disturbances (pruritis, dermatitis, urticaria)

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7
Q

IV doses are indicated for immediate removal of fluids

A

loop diuretics

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8
Q

has endocrine effects

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

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9
Q

blocks action of aldosterone (promotes sodium/water excretion and potassium retention)

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

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10
Q

monitoring potassium levels is crucial for patient safety (can cause hyperkalemia)

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

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11
Q

type of diuretic that increases sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle

A

osmotic diuretics

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12
Q

When using any diuretics, monitor for ____________, increased ______________, decreased ______________, ____________ imbalances, and _________ function.

A

dehydration, urine output, blood pressure, electrolyte, kidney

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13
Q

produces extensive diuresis even in those with renal failure

A

loop diuretics

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14
Q

can be used with chemotherapy to induce diuresis and decrease side effects of treatment

A

osmotic diuretics

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15
Q

used for emergent need for fluid loss

A

loop diuretics

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16
Q

monitor for cardiac or kidney impairment

A

osmotic diuretics

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17
Q

four side effects of osmotic diuretics

A

acidosis
pulmonary edema
heart failure
kidney failure

18
Q

type of diuretic that impacts the distal convoluted renal tubule

A

thiazide diuretics

19
Q

used to reduce hypertension and decrease edema related to heart, liver, or kidney disease

A

diuretics

20
Q

increases renal blood flow; is prescribed for end-stage renal disease or when creatine clearance is below 30

A

loop diuretics

21
Q

vial should be warmed to dissolve crystals (crystallization occurs when exposed to low temperatures)

A

osmotic diuretics

22
Q

monitor glucose levels closely in patients with prediabetes and diabetes

A

thiazide diuretics

23
Q

combined with other diuretics for its effect; a weaker diuretic

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

24
Q

decrease intracranial and intraocular pressure

A

osmotic diuretics

25
Q

four unique side effects of thiazide diuretics

A

hyperglycemia (impacts glucose tolerance)
hyperuricemia (increased uric acid level)
hypercalcemia (promotes calcium reabsorption)
hyperlipidemia (increased cholesterol)

26
Q

type of diuretic that impacts the ascending loop of Henle

A

loop diuretics

27
Q

used for edema due to heart failure or cirrhosis of liver

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

28
Q

carefully monitor in patients taking digoxin; decreased potassium levels while taking digoxin can result in digoxin toxicity

A

thiazide diuretics

29
Q

frequently prescribed with thiazide or loop diuretics

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

30
Q

monitor closely if taken with an ACE inhibitor

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

31
Q

used in oliguric phase of acute renal failure

A

osmotic diuretics

32
Q

this type of diuretic is used in people with normal renal function (effectiveness is greatly reduced if patient has renal disorder and creatine clearance <30 mL/min or 50 mL/min)

A

thiazide diuretics

33
Q

monitor electrolytes

A

thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics

34
Q

do not take potassium supplements or increase potassium in diet

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

35
Q

type of diuretic that impacts the collecting tubule

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

36
Q

promotes excretion of toxic substances

A

osmotic diuretics

37
Q

this diuretic is more potent than thiazide diuretics but should not be prescribed if thiazide could alleviate fluid

A

loop diuretics

38
Q

used when patient’s condition is not responsive to other measures or diuretics

A

loop diuretics

39
Q

change positions slowly (monitor for orthostatic hypotension)

A

thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics

40
Q

take in morning to avoid sleep disturbance from nocturia

A

thiazide diuretics