Chapter 28: Diuretics

Question 1

used for pulmonary edema caused by heart failure

Answer 1

loop diuretics

Question 2

onset of action for IV furosemide is ___________

Answer 2

5 minutes

Question 3

contraindicated in patients with sulfa allergies (chemically related to sulfonamide antibiotics)

Answer 3

loop diuretics

Question 4

increases urine flow by inhibiting sodium and water resorption from the kidney tubules; impacts different segments of renal tubules

Answer 4

diuretics

Question 5

eat foods high in potassium

Answer 5

thiazide diuretics

Question 6

six unique side effects of loop diuretics

Answer 6

hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia (these are same as in thiazides)
hypocalcemia
ototoxicity
skin disturbances (pruritis, dermatitis, urticaria)

Question 7

IV doses are indicated for immediate removal of fluids

Answer 7

loop diuretics

Question 8

has endocrine effects

Answer 8

potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 9

blocks action of aldosterone (promotes sodium/water excretion and potassium retention)

Answer 9

potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 10

monitoring potassium levels is crucial for patient safety (can cause hyperkalemia)

Answer 10

potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 11

type of diuretic that increases sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle

Answer 11

osmotic diuretics

Question 12

When using any diuretics, monitor for ____________, increased ______________, decreased ______________, ____________ imbalances, and _________ function.

Answer 12

dehydration, urine output, blood pressure, electrolyte, kidney

Question 13

produces extensive diuresis even in those with renal failure

Answer 13

loop diuretics

Question 14

can be used with chemotherapy to induce diuresis and decrease side effects of treatment

Answer 14

osmotic diuretics

Question 15

used for emergent need for fluid loss

Answer 15

loop diuretics

Question 16

monitor for cardiac or kidney impairment

Answer 16

osmotic diuretics

Question 17

four side effects of osmotic diuretics

Answer 17

acidosis
pulmonary edema
heart failure
kidney failure

Question 18

type of diuretic that impacts the distal convoluted renal tubule

Answer 18

thiazide diuretics

Question 19

used to reduce hypertension and decrease edema related to heart, liver, or kidney disease

Answer 19

diuretics

Question 20

increases renal blood flow; is prescribed for end-stage renal disease or when creatine clearance is below 30

Answer 20

loop diuretics

Question 21

vial should be warmed to dissolve crystals (crystallization occurs when exposed to low temperatures)

Answer 21

osmotic diuretics

Question 22

monitor glucose levels closely in patients with prediabetes and diabetes

Answer 22

thiazide diuretics

Question 23

combined with other diuretics for its effect; a weaker diuretic

Answer 23

potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 24

decrease intracranial and intraocular pressure

Answer 24

osmotic diuretics

Question 25

four unique side effects of thiazide diuretics

Answer 25

hyperglycemia (impacts glucose tolerance) hyperuricemia (increased uric acid level) hypercalcemia (promotes calcium reabsorption) hyperlipidemia (increased cholesterol)

Question 26

type of diuretic that impacts the ascending loop of Henle

Answer 26

loop diuretics

Question 27

used for edema due to heart failure or cirrhosis of liver

Answer 27

potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 28

carefully monitor in patients taking digoxin; decreased potassium levels while taking digoxin can result in digoxin toxicity

Answer 28

thiazide diuretics

Question 29

frequently prescribed with thiazide or loop diuretics

Answer 29

potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 30

monitor closely if taken with an ACE inhibitor

Answer 30

potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 31

used in oliguric phase of acute renal failure

Answer 31

osmotic diuretics

Question 32

this type of diuretic is used in people with normal renal function (effectiveness is greatly reduced if patient has renal disorder and creatine clearance <30 mL/min or 50 mL/min)

Answer 32

thiazide diuretics

Question 33

monitor electrolytes

Answer 33

thiazide diuretics loop diuretics

Question 34

do not take potassium supplements or increase potassium in diet

Answer 34

potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 35

type of diuretic that impacts the collecting tubule

Answer 35

potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 36

promotes excretion of toxic substances

Answer 36

osmotic diuretics

Question 37

this diuretic is more potent than thiazide diuretics but should not be prescribed if thiazide could alleviate fluid

Answer 37

loop diuretics

Question 38

used when patient's condition is not responsive to other measures or diuretics

Answer 38

loop diuretics

Question 39

change positions slowly (monitor for orthostatic hypotension)

Answer 39

thiazide diuretics loop diuretics

Question 40

take in morning to avoid sleep disturbance from nocturia

Answer 40

thiazide diuretics