Chapter 28: Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

used for pulmonary edema caused by heart failure

A

loop diuretics

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2
Q

onset of action for IV furosemide is ___________

A

5 minutes

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3
Q

contraindicated in patients with sulfa allergies (chemically related to sulfonamide antibiotics)

A

loop diuretics

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4
Q

increases urine flow by inhibiting sodium and water resorption from the kidney tubules; impacts different segments of renal tubules

A

diuretics

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5
Q

eat foods high in potassium

A

thiazide diuretics

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6
Q

six unique side effects of loop diuretics

A

hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia (these are same as in thiazides)
hypocalcemia
ototoxicity
skin disturbances (pruritis, dermatitis, urticaria)

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7
Q

IV doses are indicated for immediate removal of fluids

A

loop diuretics

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8
Q

has endocrine effects

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

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9
Q

blocks action of aldosterone (promotes sodium/water excretion and potassium retention)

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

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10
Q

monitoring potassium levels is crucial for patient safety (can cause hyperkalemia)

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

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11
Q

type of diuretic that increases sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle

A

osmotic diuretics

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12
Q

When using any diuretics, monitor for ____________, increased ______________, decreased ______________, ____________ imbalances, and _________ function.

A

dehydration, urine output, blood pressure, electrolyte, kidney

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13
Q

produces extensive diuresis even in those with renal failure

A

loop diuretics

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14
Q

can be used with chemotherapy to induce diuresis and decrease side effects of treatment

A

osmotic diuretics

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15
Q

used for emergent need for fluid loss

A

loop diuretics

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16
Q

monitor for cardiac or kidney impairment

A

osmotic diuretics

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17
Q

four side effects of osmotic diuretics

A

acidosis
pulmonary edema
heart failure
kidney failure

18
Q

type of diuretic that impacts the distal convoluted renal tubule

A

thiazide diuretics

19
Q

used to reduce hypertension and decrease edema related to heart, liver, or kidney disease

20
Q

increases renal blood flow; is prescribed for end-stage renal disease or when creatine clearance is below 30

A

loop diuretics

21
Q

vial should be warmed to dissolve crystals (crystallization occurs when exposed to low temperatures)

A

osmotic diuretics

22
Q

monitor glucose levels closely in patients with prediabetes and diabetes

A

thiazide diuretics

23
Q

combined with other diuretics for its effect; a weaker diuretic

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

24
Q

decrease intracranial and intraocular pressure

A

osmotic diuretics

25
four unique side effects of thiazide diuretics
hyperglycemia (impacts glucose tolerance) hyperuricemia (increased uric acid level) hypercalcemia (promotes calcium reabsorption) hyperlipidemia (increased cholesterol)
26
type of diuretic that impacts the ascending loop of Henle
loop diuretics
27
used for edema due to heart failure or cirrhosis of liver
potassium-sparing diuretics
28
carefully monitor in patients taking digoxin; decreased potassium levels while taking digoxin can result in digoxin toxicity
thiazide diuretics
29
frequently prescribed with thiazide or loop diuretics
potassium-sparing diuretics
30
monitor closely if taken with an ACE inhibitor
potassium-sparing diuretics
31
used in oliguric phase of acute renal failure
osmotic diuretics
32
this type of diuretic is used in people with normal renal function (effectiveness is greatly reduced if patient has renal disorder and creatine clearance <30 mL/min or 50 mL/min)
thiazide diuretics
33
monitor electrolytes
thiazide diuretics loop diuretics
34
do not take potassium supplements or increase potassium in diet
potassium-sparing diuretics
35
type of diuretic that impacts the collecting tubule
potassium-sparing diuretics
36
promotes excretion of toxic substances
osmotic diuretics
37
this diuretic is more potent than thiazide diuretics but should not be prescribed if thiazide could alleviate fluid
loop diuretics
38
used when patient's condition is not responsive to other measures or diuretics
loop diuretics
39
change positions slowly (monitor for orthostatic hypotension)
thiazide diuretics loop diuretics
40
take in morning to avoid sleep disturbance from nocturia
thiazide diuretics