Chapter 36: Antihistamines, Decongestants, Antitussives, and Expectorants Flashcards
increase hydration while taking this
expectorants
used in sedation, motion-sickness, anaphylaxis management (when combined with epinephrine)
diphenhydramine
used for allergic rhinitis, hay fever, and colds
nasal decongestants
loosens bronchial excretions and allows for elimination by coughing
expectorants
used for symptom relief (rhinorrhea, sneezing, congestion) and prophylactically
intranasal glucocortocoids
side effects include sedation, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision), and excitation and hallucinations (esp. children)
first-generation antihistamines
give with food to decrease gastric distress
diphenhydramine
use sugarless candy, gum, or ice chips to relieve dry mouth
antihistamines
constrict the nasal sinus blood vessels allowing mucous membranes to drain externally and/or internally
adrenergic systemic decongestants (alpha-adrenergic agonists)
competes with histamine for receptor sites preventing a histamine response
antihistamines
acts on the cough-control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex
antitussives
take medication at night due to daytime sedative effect
antihistamines
avoid alcohol and CNS depressants (increase CNS depression)
antihistamines
side effects include sore throat, nosebleeds, headache, and nose burning
intranasal glucocorticoids
possible contraindications include narrow angle glaucoma, cardiac disease, hypertension, kidney disease, pulmonary disease
antihistamines