Chapter 36: Antihistamines, Decongestants, Antitussives, and Expectorants

Question 1

increase hydration while taking this

Answer 1

expectorants

Question 2

used in sedation, motion-sickness, anaphylaxis management (when combined with epinephrine)

Answer 2

diphenhydramine

Question 3

used for allergic rhinitis, hay fever, and colds

Answer 3

nasal decongestants

Question 4

loosens bronchial excretions and allows for elimination by coughing

Answer 4

expectorants

Question 5

used for symptom relief (rhinorrhea, sneezing, congestion) and prophylactically

Answer 5

intranasal glucocortocoids

Question 6

side effects include sedation, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision), and excitation and hallucinations (esp. children)

Answer 6

first-generation antihistamines

Question 7

give with food to decrease gastric distress

Answer 7

diphenhydramine

Question 8

use sugarless candy, gum, or ice chips to relieve dry mouth

Answer 8

antihistamines

Question 9

constrict the nasal sinus blood vessels allowing mucous membranes to drain externally and/or internally

Answer 9

adrenergic systemic decongestants (alpha-adrenergic agonists)

Question 10

competes with histamine for receptor sites preventing a histamine response

Answer 10

antihistamines

Question 11

acts on the cough-control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex

Answer 11

antitussives

Question 12

take medication at night due to daytime sedative effect

Answer 12

antihistamines

Question 13

avoid alcohol and CNS depressants (increase CNS depression)

Answer 13

antihistamines

Question 14

side effects include sore throat, nosebleeds, headache, and nose burning

Answer 14

intranasal glucocorticoids

Question 15

possible contraindications include narrow angle glaucoma, cardiac disease, hypertension, kidney disease, pulmonary disease

Answer 15

antihistamines

Question 16

national regulatory measures are in place, where identifications are scanned with each person, and a 2-year tally is kept

Answer 16

ephedrine

Question 17

two off-label uses for antihistamines

Answer 17

nausea, panic attacks

Question 18

side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, GI upset, and allergic reactions

Answer 18

expectorants

Question 19

when activated, produces flushing, vasodilation, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, hypotension, and stimulation of gastric, salivary, lacrimal, and bronchial secretions

Answer 19

H1 receptor

Question 20

high doses associated with coma, seizures, and death

Answer 20

diphenhydramine

Question 21

side effects include CNS stimulation (agitation, nervousness, uneasiness)

Answer 21

adrenergic decongestants

Question 22

can result in increased blood glucose levels

Answer 22

adrenergic decongestants

Question 23

avoid large amounts of caffeine (increased restlessness and palpitations)

Answer 23

adrenergic decongestants

Question 24

dilation of nasal blood vessels and swelling can cause this

Answer 24

nasal congestion

Question 25

result in less drowsiness and fewer CNS side effects

Answer 25

second-generation antihistamines

Question 26

three groups of nasal decongestants include

Answer 26

adrenergic, anticholinergic, corticosteroids

Question 27

avoid driving motor vehicles or performing dangerous activities

Answer 27

antihistamines

Question 28

blocks receptor resulting in constriction of extravascular smooth muscles and decreasing mucosal secretions

Answer 28

H1 antagonists

Question 29

antitussives are used for (productive, non-productive) coughs

Answer 29

non-productive

Question 30

diphenhydramine is available in following routes/forms: ________, ___________, ___________, __________

Answer 30

injection, topical, oral, combined with other drugs

Question 31

not advised in older adults due to “hangover effect” and potential for falls

Answer 31

diphenhydramine

Question 32

should not be used for more than 3 days

Answer 32

oxymetazoline

Question 33

used for common cold, allergic rhinitis, motion sickness, and insomnia

Answer 33

antihistamines

Question 34

patients with hypertension or CAD should avoid because it results in vasoconstriction

Answer 34

adrenergic decongestants

Question 35

antiinflammatory medications that decrease rhinorrhea, sneezing, and congestion

Answer 35

intranasal glucocorticoids