Chapter 24: Heart Failure Drugs Flashcards
the half life of digoxin is ____ to _____ hours
30, 40
drug class: treat heart failure by causing diuresis, decreasing blood volume, which decreases preload, which decreases workload of heart
ACE inhibitors
this peptide is secreted from atrial cardiac cells and helps diagnose congestive heart failure
brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
heart failure results in more hospitalizations than all _______________ combined
cancers
three side effects of angiotensin receptor- neprilysin
hypotension
hyperkalemia
increased serum creatine
this miscellaneous heart failure drug is given by IV infusion only
dobutamine
three side effects of milrinone
ventricular dysrhythmias
thrombocytopenia
hypotension
two CNS effects of digoxin toxicity
fatigue
vision changes (blurred vision, white or yellow-green halos)
diagnostic test that analyzes ejection fraction
echocardiogram
this drug has a vasodilator effect which leads to increased force of contraction
milrinone
cannot be administered IV with furosemide because of precipitation
milrinone
check apical pulse prior to administering (notify MD if HR <60)
digoxin
digoxin has a (low, high) therapeutic index with a therapeutic level of _______ ng/mL
low, 0.5-2
high risk for drug toxicity because of accumulation
digoxin
normal ejection fraction is ___%
65
if primary medications of choice do not work or control symptoms, these two drugs/classes can be used to treat heart failure
cardiac glycosides- digoxin
catecholamines- dobutamine
two cardiac side effects of digoxin toxicity
bradycardia
dysrhythmias
low __________ and low ___________ can increase the risk for digoxin toxicity
potassium, magnesium
two indications of digoxin
systolic heart failure
atrial fibrillation
three medication classes of choice for treating heart failure
ACE inhibitors
angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
beta blockers
differentiates shortness of breath due to heart failure (vs. lung dysfunction) but is difficult to determine in older obese individuals
brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
vials are refrigerated and must be used within 4 hours of being mixed
digoxin immune Fab
GI side effects of digoxin toxicity
anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
prevent catecholamine-mediated actions on the heart resulting in a cardioprotective quality
beta blockers
this miscellaneous heart failure drug increases the risk for atrial fibrillation
ivabradine
newer class of medications used to treat heart failure
angiotensin receptor- neprilysin
effective in treating heart failure because they reduce heart rate
beta blockers
decreases rate of electrical conduction and prolongs refractory period
digoxin
