Chapter 24: Heart Failure Drugs

Question 1

the half life of digoxin is ____ to _____ hours

Answer 1

30, 40

Question 2

drug class: treat heart failure by causing diuresis, decreasing blood volume, which decreases preload, which decreases workload of heart

Answer 2

ACE inhibitors

Question 3

this peptide is secreted from atrial cardiac cells and helps diagnose congestive heart failure

Answer 3

brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Question 4

heart failure results in more hospitalizations than all _______________ combined

Answer 4

cancers

Question 5

three side effects of angiotensin receptor- neprilysin

Answer 5

hypotension
hyperkalemia
increased serum creatine

Question 6

this miscellaneous heart failure drug is given by IV infusion only

Answer 6

dobutamine

Question 7

three side effects of milrinone

Answer 7

ventricular dysrhythmias
thrombocytopenia
hypotension

Question 8

two CNS effects of digoxin toxicity

Answer 8

fatigue
vision changes (blurred vision, white or yellow-green halos)

Question 9

diagnostic test that analyzes ejection fraction

Answer 9

echocardiogram

Question 10

this drug has a vasodilator effect which leads to increased force of contraction

Answer 10

milrinone

Question 11

cannot be administered IV with furosemide because of precipitation

Answer 11

milrinone

Question 12

check apical pulse prior to administering (notify MD if HR <60)

Answer 12

digoxin

Question 13

digoxin has a (low, high) therapeutic index with a therapeutic level of _______ ng/mL

Answer 13

low, 0.5-2

Question 14

high risk for drug toxicity because of accumulation

Answer 14

digoxin

Question 15

normal ejection fraction is ___%

Answer 15

65

Question 16

if primary medications of choice do not work or control symptoms, these two drugs/classes can be used to treat heart failure

Answer 16

cardiac glycosides- digoxin
catecholamines- dobutamine

Question 17

two cardiac side effects of digoxin toxicity

Answer 17

bradycardia
dysrhythmias

Question 18

low __________ and low ___________ can increase the risk for digoxin toxicity

Answer 18

potassium, magnesium

Question 19

two indications of digoxin

Answer 19

systolic heart failure
atrial fibrillation

Question 20

three medication classes of choice for treating heart failure

Answer 20

ACE inhibitors
angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
beta blockers

Question 21

differentiates shortness of breath due to heart failure (vs. lung dysfunction) but is difficult to determine in older obese individuals

Answer 21

brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Question 22

vials are refrigerated and must be used within 4 hours of being mixed

Answer 22

digoxin immune Fab

Question 23

GI side effects of digoxin toxicity

Answer 23

anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain

Question 24

prevent catecholamine-mediated actions on the heart resulting in a cardioprotective quality

Answer 24

beta blockers

Question 25

this miscellaneous heart failure drug increases the risk for atrial fibrillation

Answer 25

ivabradine

Question 26

newer class of medications used to treat heart failure

Answer 26

angiotensin receptor- neprilysin

Question 27

effective in treating heart failure because they reduce heart rate

Answer 27

beta blockers

Question 28

decreases rate of electrical conduction and prolongs refractory period

Answer 28

digoxin