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A&P > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The connective tissue covering that surrounds the myelin sheaths of a peripheral nerve

A

endoneurium

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2
Q

nerve that a dentist would numb

A

trigeminal

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3
Q

which reflex causes relaxation?

A

golgi tendon reflex

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4
Q

when antagonistic muscles are inhibited during reflexes

A

reciprocal inhibition

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5
Q

what is norepinephrine secreted by?

A

some axons of the sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

where do parasympathetic nerve fibers emerge from?

A

The fibers emerge from the brain and sacral portion of the spinal cord

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7
Q

which type of cholinergic receptors can be inhibitory?

A

muscarinic

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8
Q

what blocks muscarinic receptors?

A

atropine

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9
Q

which division of the ANS controls body temperature

A

sympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

which division of the ANS controls body temperature?

A

sympathetic nervous system

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11
Q

what mediates visceral responses to emotion?

A

hypothalamus

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12
Q

main integration center for the ANS

A

hypothalamus

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13
Q

Target organs respond to water-soluble hormones because of what?

A

the presence of receptors on the cell membrane surface

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14
Q

Most of the amino acid–based hormones affect the target organs using:

A

intracellular second messengers

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15
Q

where are the islets of Langerhans found?

A

Pancreas

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16
Q

where is the pineal gland located?

A

epithalamus

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17
Q

gland that atrophies after puberty

A

thymus

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18
Q

hormone important in sodium regulation and therefore water balance

A

Aldosterone

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19
Q

hormone that stimulates osteoblasts

A

calcitonin

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20
Q

area of the brain that regulates the endocrine system

A

hypothalamus

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21
Q

groups of hormones that the anterior pituitary uses to stimulate other endocrine organs

A

tropic hormones

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22
Q

Which molecules would most likely be actively transported?

A

large molecules

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23
Q

body membranes are usually composed of which two tissues?

A

Epithelial and connective

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24
Q

The specific membrane that covers the surface of the lungs is the:

A

visceral pleura

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25
glands only found lining the ear canal
ceruminous
26
structural unit of compact bone
osteon
27
where is collagen found in the bone?
lamellae
28
Which structure plays an important role in widening long bones?
Periosteum
29
If you see a foramen in the transverse process of a vertebra, which type of vertebra are you observing?
Cervical
30
what is the fibrous capsule of a synovial joint composed of
connective tissue
31
what causes smooth muscle cells to contract as a unit
gap junctions
32
fibers that connect gray matter between hemisphere
commisures
33
portions of the diencephalon that can be seen on the external surfaces of the brain
pineal body and hypothalamus
34
the basal nuclei are part of which brain area?
cerebrum
35
the grand central station of sensory input
thalamus
36
system important for focus
reticular formation
37
brain waves emitted when you take a test
beta
38
area of the brain that allows us to understand language
wernicke's area
39
terminal end of the spinal cord
conus medullaris
40
type of neurons that transmit impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus
second order
41
prime mover for flexion of the hip joint
iliopsoas
42
the 2 hormones stores and released by the posterior pituitary
oxytocin and ADH
43
which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve
44
cranial nerve responsible for controlling tongue movements
hypoglossal
45
location of the spiral organs of corti
cochlea
46
extrinsic muscles of eye
lateral, medial, superior, inferior, rectus | superior, inferior oblique
47
where do tears drain from
tears drain directly from the lacrimal sac into the nasolacrinal duct
48
cranial nerve associated with taste?
V, VII, IX
49
where is perilymph located?
bony labyrinth
50
what do the stapes connect the inner ear with?
oval window
51
order of the ossicles from outer to inner
malleus inucs stapes
52
3 signs of diabetes
polyuria polydipsia polyphagia
53
polyphagia
excessive eating
54
polyuria
excessive urine
55
polydipsia
excessive thirst
56
which hormone leads to the secretion of aldosterone and increased blood pressure
renin
57
wrist drop is caused by damage to what nerve?
radial
58
origin of the supraspinatus muscle
supraspinous fossa of the scapula
59
which nerve supplies the muscle and skin of the thumb and phalanges 2-3
median nerve
60
what does the femoral nerve supply?
quadriceps skin of anterior thigh medial surface of leg
61
prime movers for lateral rotation of shoulder
infraspinatus, teres minor
62
Prime movers for medial rotation of shoulder
subscapularis
63
what does the sciatic nerve supply?
hamstrings adductor magnus most muscles in the leg and foot
64
insertion of the patellar tendon
tibial tuberosity
65
inserts on the olecranon of the ulna
triceps brachii | anconeus
66
center left and right region of the abdomin
lumbar
67
lower left and right region of the abdomin
iliac and inguinal
68
hamstring muscles
biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus
69
quardicep muscles
vactus lateralis, intermedius, medialis | rectus femoris
70
layer of the skin repsonsible for finger prints
papillary
71
stratum of the epidermis which is only found in thick skin
lucidum
72
sweat glands that are important in body temperature regulation
eccrine glands
73
small, flat pieces that make up spongy bone
trabeculae
74
cells that are involved in bone resorption
osteoclasts
75
a fibrous joint connected by ligaments
syndesmosis
76
where are nerves located
in the PNS
77
where are tracts located
in the CNS
78
reduction in the membrane potential
deploarization
79
what happens to cause repolarization
opening of the potassium channels
80
area that helps plan movements
premotor cortex
81
what produces CSF
choroid plexus
82
what communicates muscles length
muscles spindles
83
what portion of the spinal cord control muscle movement
ventral portion
84
where the highest visual acuity is
fovea centralis
85
what do the rami segments t2-t12 do?
form intercoastal nerves that supply the muscles of the ribs, anterolateral thorazx and abdominal wall
86
what inhibits various motor centers under resting conditions
basal nuclei
87
Plantar reflex
downward flexion of the toes
88
knee jerk reflex is an example of what?
stretch reflex
89
nerve that Enters the palm through the carpal tunnel
Median
90
Joins the tibial nerve to form the sciatic nerve
Common fibular
91
Supplies motor fibers for mastication
Trigeminal nerve
92
innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
Accessory nerve
93
Innervates the lateral rectus muscle
Abducens nerve
94
The only cranial nerves that extend beyond the head and neck region
Vagus
95
Innervates extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue that contribute to swallowing and speech
Hypoglossal
96
what the sacral plexus arises from
L4–S4
97
Musculocutaneous nerve
innervates the biceps brachii and brachialis and skin of lateral forearm
98
2 major branches of the lumbar plexus
femoral nerve | obturator nerve
99
how many cervical, thoracic,, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves?
``` 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal ```
100
A sheetlike extension of the epimysium
aponeurosis
101
where thick filaments are found in the sacromere
A Band
102
blocks the myosin binding sites during rest
tropomyosin
103
where most of the intracellular calcium is stored at rest in muscles
sacroplasmic reticulum
104
What substance must bind to myosin heads in order for the heads to detach from the thin filaments?
ATP

A&P (25 decks)

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