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A&P > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The connective tissue covering that surrounds the myelin sheaths of a peripheral nerve

A

endoneurium

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2
Q

nerve that a dentist would numb

A

trigeminal

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3
Q

which reflex causes relaxation?

A

golgi tendon reflex

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4
Q

when antagonistic muscles are inhibited during reflexes

A

reciprocal inhibition

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5
Q

what is norepinephrine secreted by?

A

some axons of the sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

where do parasympathetic nerve fibers emerge from?

A

The fibers emerge from the brain and sacral portion of the spinal cord

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7
Q

which type of cholinergic receptors can be inhibitory?

A

muscarinic

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8
Q

what blocks muscarinic receptors?

A

atropine

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9
Q

which division of the ANS controls body temperature

A

sympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

which division of the ANS controls body temperature?

A

sympathetic nervous system

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11
Q

what mediates visceral responses to emotion?

A

hypothalamus

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12
Q

main integration center for the ANS

A

hypothalamus

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13
Q

Target organs respond to water-soluble hormones because of what?

A

the presence of receptors on the cell membrane surface

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14
Q

Most of the amino acid–based hormones affect the target organs using:

A

intracellular second messengers

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15
Q

where are the islets of Langerhans found?

A

Pancreas

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16
Q

where is the pineal gland located?

A

epithalamus

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17
Q

gland that atrophies after puberty

A

thymus

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18
Q

hormone important in sodium regulation and therefore water balance

A

Aldosterone

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19
Q

hormone that stimulates osteoblasts

A

calcitonin

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20
Q

area of the brain that regulates the endocrine system

A

hypothalamus

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21
Q

groups of hormones that the anterior pituitary uses to stimulate other endocrine organs

A

tropic hormones

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22
Q

Which molecules would most likely be actively transported?

A

large molecules

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23
Q

body membranes are usually composed of which two tissues?

A

Epithelial and connective

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24
Q

The specific membrane that covers the surface of the lungs is the:

A

visceral pleura

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25
Q

glands only found lining the ear canal

A

ceruminous

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26
Q

structural unit of compact bone

A

osteon

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27
Q

where is collagen found in the bone?

A

lamellae

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28
Q

Which structure plays an important role in widening long bones?

A

Periosteum

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29
Q

If you see a foramen in the transverse process of a vertebra, which type of vertebra are you observing?

A

Cervical

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30
Q

what is the fibrous capsule of a synovial joint composed of

A

connective tissue

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31
Q

what causes smooth muscle cells to contract as a unit

A

gap junctions

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32
Q

fibers that connect gray matter between hemisphere

A

commisures

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33
Q

portions of the diencephalon that can be seen on the external surfaces of the brain

A

pineal body and hypothalamus

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34
Q

the basal nuclei are part of which brain area?

A

cerebrum

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35
Q

the grand central station of sensory input

A

thalamus

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36
Q

system important for focus

A

reticular formation

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37
Q

brain waves emitted when you take a test

A

beta

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38
Q

area of the brain that allows us to understand language

A

wernicke’s area

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39
Q

terminal end of the spinal cord

A

conus medullaris

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40
Q

type of neurons that transmit impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus

A

second order

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41
Q

prime mover for flexion of the hip joint

A

iliopsoas

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42
Q

the 2 hormones stores and released by the posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin and ADH

43
Q

which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

44
Q

cranial nerve responsible for controlling tongue movements

A

hypoglossal

45
Q

location of the spiral organs of corti

A

cochlea

46
Q

extrinsic muscles of eye

A

lateral, medial, superior, inferior, rectus

superior, inferior oblique

47
Q

where do tears drain from

A

tears drain directly from the lacrimal sac into the nasolacrinal duct

48
Q

cranial nerve associated with taste?

A

V, VII, IX

49
Q

where is perilymph located?

A

bony labyrinth

50
Q

what do the stapes connect the inner ear with?

A

oval window

51
Q

order of the ossicles from outer to inner

A

malleus
inucs
stapes

52
Q

3 signs of diabetes

A

polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia

53
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

54
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urine

55
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

56
Q

which hormone leads to the secretion of aldosterone and increased blood pressure

A

renin

57
Q

wrist drop is caused by damage to what nerve?

A

radial

58
Q

origin of the supraspinatus muscle

A

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

59
Q

which nerve supplies the muscle and skin of the thumb and phalanges 2-3

A

median nerve

60
Q

what does the femoral nerve supply?

A

quadriceps
skin of anterior thigh
medial surface of leg

61
Q

prime movers for lateral rotation of shoulder

A

infraspinatus, teres minor

62
Q

Prime movers for medial rotation of shoulder

A

subscapularis

63
Q

what does the sciatic nerve supply?

A

hamstrings
adductor magnus
most muscles in the leg and foot

64
Q

insertion of the patellar tendon

A

tibial tuberosity

65
Q

inserts on the olecranon of the ulna

A

triceps brachii

anconeus

66
Q

center left and right region of the abdomin

A

lumbar

67
Q

lower left and right region of the abdomin

A

iliac and inguinal

68
Q

hamstring muscles

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

69
Q

quardicep muscles

A

vactus lateralis, intermedius, medialis

rectus femoris

70
Q

layer of the skin repsonsible for finger prints

A

papillary

71
Q

stratum of the epidermis which is only found in thick skin

A

lucidum

72
Q

sweat glands that are important in body temperature regulation

A

eccrine glands

73
Q

small, flat pieces that make up spongy bone

A

trabeculae

74
Q

cells that are involved in bone resorption

A

osteoclasts

75
Q

a fibrous joint connected by ligaments

A

syndesmosis

76
Q

where are nerves located

A

in the PNS

77
Q

where are tracts located

A

in the CNS

78
Q

reduction in the membrane potential

A

deploarization

79
Q

what happens to cause repolarization

A

opening of the potassium channels

80
Q

area that helps plan movements

A

premotor cortex

81
Q

what produces CSF

A

choroid plexus

82
Q

what communicates muscles length

A

muscles spindles

83
Q

what portion of the spinal cord control muscle movement

A

ventral portion

84
Q

where the highest visual acuity is

A

fovea centralis

85
Q

what do the rami segments t2-t12 do?

A

form intercoastal nerves that supply the muscles of the ribs, anterolateral thorazx and abdominal wall

86
Q

what inhibits various motor centers under resting conditions

A

basal nuclei

87
Q

Plantar reflex

A

downward flexion of the toes

88
Q

knee jerk reflex is an example of what?

A

stretch reflex

89
Q

nerve that Enters the palm through the carpal tunnel

A

Median

90
Q

Joins the tibial nerve to form the sciatic nerve

A

Common fibular

91
Q

Supplies motor fibers for mastication

A

Trigeminal nerve

92
Q

innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

A

Accessory nerve

93
Q

Innervates the lateral rectus muscle

A

Abducens nerve

94
Q

The only cranial nerves that extend beyond the head and neck region

A

Vagus

95
Q

Innervates extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue that contribute to swallowing and speech

A

Hypoglossal

96
Q

what the sacral plexus arises from

A

L4–S4

97
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A

innervates the biceps brachii and brachialis and skin of lateral forearm

98
Q

2 major branches of the lumbar plexus

A

femoral nerve

obturator nerve

99
Q

how many cervical, thoracic,, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves?

A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
100
Q

A sheetlike extension of the epimysium

A

aponeurosis

101
Q

where thick filaments are found in the sacromere

A

A Band

102
Q

blocks the myosin binding sites during rest

A

tropomyosin

103
Q

where most of the intracellular calcium is stored at rest in muscles

A

sacroplasmic reticulum

104
Q

What substance must bind to myosin heads in order for the heads to detach from the thin filaments?

A

ATP

A&P (25 decks)

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