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A&P > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

functional classfication is based on what?

A

the amount of movement allowed by the joint

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2
Q

synarthroses

A

immovable

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3
Q

amphiarthroses

A

slightly movable

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4
Q

diarthroses

A

freely moveable

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5
Q

Articulation

A

site where two or more bones meet

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6
Q

3 structural classfications

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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7
Q

Syndesmoses

type of fibrous joint

A

Bones connected by ligaments (bands of fibrous tissue);

movement varies from immovable to slightly movable

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8
Q

Gomphoses

type of fibrous joint

A

Peg-in-socket joints of teeth in alveolar sockets

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9
Q

Synchondroses

type of cartilaginous joint

A

A bar or plate of hyalinecartilage unites the bones; all are synarthrotic

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10
Q

the 2 types of cartilaginous joints

no joint cavity

A

Synchondroses

Symphyses

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11
Q

Symphyses

type of cartilaginous joint

A

Hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surfaces and is fused to an intervening pad of fibrocartilage; strong, flexible amphiarthroses

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12
Q 
synovial joints
(description)
A

all are diarthrotic
most joints of the body
all limb joints

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13
Q

the outer fibrous capsule in a synovial joint is made of what tissue?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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14
Q

the inner synovial membrane is made of what tissue?

A

loose connective tissue

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15
Q

function of the Synovial fluid

A

lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage

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16
Q

bursae

A

Flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes

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17
Q

Tendon sheath

A

Elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon

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18
Q

stabilizing factors at synovial joints

A

shapes of articular surfaces
ligament number and location
muscle tone - main factor

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19
Q

Origin

A

attachment to the immovable bone

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20
Q

Insertion

A

attachment to the movable bone

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21
Q

synovial joints categorized by range of motion

A

nonaxial
uniaxial
biaxial
multiaxial

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22
Q

Nonaxial

A

slipping movements only

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23
Q

Uniaxial

A

movement in one plane

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24
Q

Biaxial

A

movement in two planes

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25
Q

Multiaxial

A

movement in or around all three planes

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26
Q

gliding movements

A

one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface

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27
Q

Angular Movements

A

Increase or decrease the angle between the articulating bones

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28
Q

flexion

A

decreases the angle of the joint

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29
Q

elevation

A

lifting a body part superiorly

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30
Q

depression

A

moving a body part inferiorly

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31
Q

opposition

A

movement in the saddle joint so that the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers

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32
Q

rotation

A

turning of a bone around its own long axis

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33
Q

pronation

A

turning the hand forward

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34
Q

supination

A

turning the hand backward

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35
Q

circumduction

A

flexion + abduction + extension + adduction of a limb to describe a cone in space

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36
Q

Types of Synovial joints

A 
Ball-and-Socket joints
Hinge joints
saddle joints
Pivot joints
condyloid 
Plane joints
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37
Q

plane joint

A

have flat articular surfaces

nonaxial

38
Q

hinge joints

A

uniaxial

allow flexion and extension only

39
Q

Pivot joints

A

rounded edge of bone surrounded by a sleeve or ring of another bone
uniaxial

40
Q

condyloid or ellipsoidal joints

A

e articular surfaces of all joint-forming are oval

biaxial

41
Q

saddle joints

A

biaxial

both articular surfaces have concave and convex areas

42
Q

Ball-and-Socket joints

A

most freely movable
multiaxial
shoulder and hip joints.

43
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a joint

44
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of tendon sheaths typically caused by overuse

45
Q

chronic forms of arthritis

A

osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis

46
Q

Sutures

type of fibrous joint

A

rigid interlocking joints containing short connective tissue fibers

47
Q

3 possible types of reinforcing ligaments in synovial joints

A

capsular or intrinsic
extracapsular ligaments
intracapsular ligaments

48
Q

what is another word for a condyloid joint?

A

ellipsoidal

49
Q

which ligament holds the teeth in place?

A

periodontal ligament

50
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the midline

51
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline

52
Q

plantar flexion

A

downward movement of the foot

53
Q

inversion

A

turning the sole of the foot medially

54
Q

eversion

A

turning the sole of the foot laterally

55
Q

protraction

A

anterior movement of a body part in the horizontal plane

56
Q

retraction

A

posterior movement of a body part in the horizontal plane

57
Q

fibrous joints are joined by what type of tissue?

A

dense fibrous connective tissue

58
Q

what is articular cartilage made of?

A

hyaline cartilage

59
Q

what are ossified sutures called?

A

synostoses

60
Q

which type of joints have a rich nerve and blood supply

A

synovial joints

61
Q

intracapsular ligaments

A

run deep in the capsule

covered by synovial membrane

62
Q

extracapsular ligaments

A

run outside the capsule

insert into the periosteum of the joint-forming bones

63
Q

capsular or intrinsic ligaments

A

are part of the capsule

64
Q

what part of the body is the glenohumeral joint?

A

the shoulder

65
Q

what kind of axial joint is the shoulder

A

multiaxial

66
Q

what is the hip joint called?

A

the coxal joint

67
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of tendon sheaths typically caused by overuse

68
Q

what causes acute forms of arthritis?

A

bacteria

69
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa, usually caused by a blow or friction

70
Q

how is bursitis treated?

A

with rest and ice

71
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a joint

72
Q

dislocations

A

when bones are forced out of alignment

accompained by sprains, inflammation, and joint immobilization

73
Q

what causes cartilage tears?

A

compression and shear stress

74
Q

how are cartilage tears repaired

A

with arthroscopic surgury

75
Q

sprains

A

ligaments are stretched or torn

76
Q

what is the jaw joint called

A

the temporomandibular joint

77
Q

why are intracellular ligaments in the knee joint called cruciate ligaments?

A

because they cross each other’s path when looked at from the front

78
Q

where is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) located?

A

stretches from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur.

79
Q

where is the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) located?

A

stretches from the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur

80
Q

what is the function of the ACL

A

to prevent forward sliding of the tibia against the femur and hyperextension of the knee joint

81
Q

what is the function of the PCL

A

to prevent backward sliding of the tibia or forward sliding of the femur

82
Q

what reduces friction in joints?

A

bursae and synovial fluid

83
Q

what does synovial fluid consist of?

A

a viscous filtrate of plasma and hyaluranic acid

84
Q

what type of joint is the knee?

A

modified hinge joint

85
Q

what type of joint is the hip?

A

multiaxial ball and socket joint

86
Q

what is a fibrous joint connected by ligaments?

A

syndesmosis

87
Q

Which 4 tendons form the rotatar cuff?

A

subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor muscles

88
Q

What are the stabilizers in the glenohumeral joint?

A

the rotatar cuff and the tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle

89
Q

what stabilizes the elbow joint?

A

ulnar and radial collateral ligaments

+ biceps and triceps tendons

90
Q

what stabilizes the position of the patella and prevents dislocation?

A

the lateral and medial patellar retinacula

91
Q

which joint is the only joint with 3 types of ligaments?

A

knee

92
Q

what gives bone tissue its hardness and ability to withstand compression and pressure?

A

mineral salts

A&P (25 decks)

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