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A&P > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

fibrous connective tissue surrounding fascicles (groups of muscle fibers)

A

perimysium

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2
Q

dense regular connective tissue surrounding entire

muscle

A

epimysium

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3
Q

fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber

A

endomysium

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4
Q

A sheetlike extension of the epimysium

A

aponeurosis

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5
Q

In a resting muscle cell the myosin binding sites are blocked by what?

A

tropomyosin

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6
Q

T tubules are an extension of the

A

sarcolemma

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7
Q

Calcium ions will bind to ________ when present in the sarcoplasm.

A

troponin

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8
Q

How does calcium reenter the terminal cisternae after muscle contraction is finished?

A

Active transport

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9
Q

A single contraction in response to a single threshold stimulus is defined as _________.

A

twitch

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10
Q

type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens during contraction

A

Isometric

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle contractions increase in strength due to ___________.

A

recruitment of motor units

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12
Q

After about 30 minutes of exercise, which substance becomes the major source of fuel?

A

Fatty acid

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13
Q

Smooth muscle cells can contract as a unit due to the presence of __________.

A

gap junctions

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14
Q

Calcium binds to which substance in smooth muscle contraction?

A

Calmodulin

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15
Q

What unique characteristic of smooth muscle allows your stomach to stretch as you eat and not contract immediately to expel food?

A

Stress-relaxation response

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16
Q

Synergistic muscles that immobilize a joint are also classified as ________.

A

fixators

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17
Q

________ serve as levers on your body.

A

Bones

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18
Q

Levers that operate at a mechanical advantage are called ________ levers.

A

power levers

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19
Q

levers that operate at a mechanical disadvantage

A

speed levers

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20
Q

The energy source that is used directly for muscle contraction is ______.

A

ATP

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21
Q

Nissl bodies are found in the __

A

cell bodies

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22
Q

Myelin sheaths in the CNS are produced by ________.

A

oligodendrocytes

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23
Q

Neuroglial cells that line the ventricles of the brain are the ______.

A

ependymal cells

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24
Q

__________ has occurred when a neuron is stimulated by more than one signal at the same time.

A

Spatial summation

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25
Q

Dopamine and serotonin are examples of which class of neurotransmitters?

A

Biogenic amines

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26
Q

chemical classifications of neurotransmitters

A 
acetylcholine
biogenic amines
amino acids
peptides
purines
gasses and lipids
endocannabinoids
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27
Q

The nodes of Ranvier are found _______.

A

on myelinated axons

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28
Q

The central sulcus divides which two lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal and parietal

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29
Q

separates the two hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure

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30
Q

separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum

A

transverse cerebral fissure

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31
Q

If you are looking at the arbor vitae, which part of the brain are you examining?

A

cerebellum

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32
Q

Fibers that connect gray matter between the two cerebral hemispheres are called ________.

A

commissural fibers

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33
Q

The basal nuclei are part of the _________.

A

cerebrum

34
Q

Broca’s area is important in coordinating muscles involved in ________.

A

speech

35
Q

The cardiac reflex centers are found in the ________.

A

medulla oblongata

36
Q

To understand what we see and hear we use areas of the brain called __________.

A

association areas

37
Q

This system is important when you study because it can filter out distractions.

A

Reticular Formation

38
Q

outermost and strongest meninx

A

dura mater

39
Q

The cerebrospinal fluid is found in the _________.

A

subarachnoid space

40
Q

The terminal end of the spinal cord is called the __________.

A

conus medullaris

41
Q

The pharyngotympanic tube connects the throat with which part of the ear?

A

Middle ear

42
Q

The stapes connects with the internal ear via the ___________.

A

oval window

43
Q

Sound is transmitted from the tympanic membrane to the internal ear by the __________.

A

ossicles

44
Q

Which substance must bind to myosin heads in order for the heads to detach from the thin filaments?

A

ATP

45
Q

fibers that connect the cortex with lower parts of the brain

A

projection fibers

46
Q

the gel-like mas which the hair cells of the semicircular ducts extend into

A

cupula

47
Q

the receptors of what region respond to angular or rotational movement of the head?

A

cristae ampullaris

48
Q

what houses the cristae ampullaris?

A

ampulla

49
Q

sound transmitted directly into the inner ear via the bones of the skull

A

bone conduction

50
Q

what does the lens do in order to see objects closer?

A

bulges

51
Q

origin of the supraspinatus

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

52
Q

origin of the infraspinatus

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

53
Q

System that controls consciousness and alertness

A

Reticular formation

54
Q

Final sensor for hearing

A

Organ of corti

55
Q

Otoliths activate which receptors?

A

Maculae

56
Q

Equilibrium the maculae senses

A

Static equilibrium

57
Q

Where is the maculae located?

A

Vestibule

58
Q

Insertion of biceps brachii

A

Radial tuberosity

59
Q

Insertion of rotator cuff

A

Greater and lesser tubercle of humerous

60
Q

prime mover for plantar flexion

A

triceps surae

61
Q

prime mover for dorsiflexion

A

tibialis anterior

62
Q

prime toe extensor

A

extensor digitorum longus

63
Q

largest and strongest tendon in the body

A

achilles tendon

64
Q

prime mover for foot inversion

A

tibialis posterior

65
Q

triceps surae consists of the …

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus

66
Q

prime mover for extension at the knee

A

quadriceps femoris

67
Q

hamstring muscle consists of what?

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

68
Q

where do the quadriceps insert?

A

tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon

69
Q

which tendon helps stabilize the shoulder joint?

A

tendon of the long head on the biceps brachii

70
Q

prime mover for sticking out the tongue

A

genioglossus

71
Q

function of the trasversus abdominis

A

compresses the abdomin

72
Q

the aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through…

A

the canal of schlemm

73
Q

what is the posterior chamber of the eye filled with?

A

vitreous humor

74
Q

location of the cardiovascular and respiratory centers

A

medulla oblongata

75
Q

this protrudes into the superior sagittal sinus and permits CSF reabsorption

A

Arachnoid villi

76
Q

the adult spinal cord ends at this level

A

L1 (conus medullaris)

77
Q

the innermost meninges

A

pia mater

78
Q

what divides the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

central sulcus

79
Q

the large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain

A

corpus collosum

80
Q

function of the trapezius

A

elevates, retracts, rotates and stabilizes the scapula

81
Q

prime mover for extension of the thigh and flexion of leg

A

hamstring

82
Q

white matter tracts of the spinal cord that contain ascending information

A

sensory tracts

A&P (25 decks)

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