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A&P > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

fibrous connective tissue surrounding fascicles (groups of muscle fibers)

A

perimysium

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2
Q

dense regular connective tissue surrounding entire

muscle

A

epimysium

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3
Q

fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber

A

endomysium

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4
Q

A sheetlike extension of the epimysium

A

aponeurosis

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5
Q

In a resting muscle cell the myosin binding sites are blocked by what?

A

tropomyosin

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6
Q

T tubules are an extension of the

A

sarcolemma

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7
Q

Calcium ions will bind to ________ when present in the sarcoplasm.

A

troponin

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8
Q

How does calcium reenter the terminal cisternae after muscle contraction is finished?

A

Active transport

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9
Q

A single contraction in response to a single threshold stimulus is defined as _________.

A

twitch

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10
Q

type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens during contraction

A

Isometric

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle contractions increase in strength due to ___________.

A

recruitment of motor units

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12
Q

After about 30 minutes of exercise, which substance becomes the major source of fuel?

A

Fatty acid

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13
Q

Smooth muscle cells can contract as a unit due to the presence of __________.

A

gap junctions

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14
Q

Calcium binds to which substance in smooth muscle contraction?

A

Calmodulin

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15
Q

What unique characteristic of smooth muscle allows your stomach to stretch as you eat and not contract immediately to expel food?

A

Stress-relaxation response

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16
Q

Synergistic muscles that immobilize a joint are also classified as ________.

A

fixators

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17
Q

________ serve as levers on your body.

A

Bones

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18
Q

Levers that operate at a mechanical advantage are called ________ levers.

A

power levers

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19
Q

levers that operate at a mechanical disadvantage

A

speed levers

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20
Q

The energy source that is used directly for muscle contraction is ______.

A

ATP

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21
Q

Nissl bodies are found in the __

A

cell bodies

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22
Q

Myelin sheaths in the CNS are produced by ________.

A

oligodendrocytes

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23
Q

Neuroglial cells that line the ventricles of the brain are the ______.

A

ependymal cells

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24
Q

__________ has occurred when a neuron is stimulated by more than one signal at the same time.

A

Spatial summation

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25
Dopamine and serotonin are examples of which class of neurotransmitters?
Biogenic amines
26
chemical classifications of neurotransmitters
``` acetylcholine biogenic amines amino acids peptides purines gasses and lipids endocannabinoids ```
27
The nodes of Ranvier are found _______.
on myelinated axons
28
The central sulcus divides which two lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal and parietal
29
separates the two hemispheres
longitudinal fissure
30
separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum
transverse cerebral fissure
31
If you are looking at the arbor vitae, which part of the brain are you examining?
cerebellum
32
Fibers that connect gray matter between the two cerebral hemispheres are called ________.
commissural fibers
33
The basal nuclei are part of the _________.
cerebrum
34
Broca’s area is important in coordinating muscles involved in ________.
speech
35
The cardiac reflex centers are found in the ________.
medulla oblongata
36
To understand what we see and hear we use areas of the brain called __________.
association areas
37
This system is important when you study because it can filter out distractions.
Reticular Formation
38
outermost and strongest meninx
dura mater
39
The cerebrospinal fluid is found in the _________.
subarachnoid space
40
The terminal end of the spinal cord is called the __________.
conus medullaris
41
The pharyngotympanic tube connects the throat with which part of the ear?
Middle ear
42
The stapes connects with the internal ear via the ___________.
oval window
43
Sound is transmitted from the tympanic membrane to the internal ear by the __________.
ossicles
44
Which substance must bind to myosin heads in order for the heads to detach from the thin filaments?
ATP
45
fibers that connect the cortex with lower parts of the brain
projection fibers
46
the gel-like mas which the hair cells of the semicircular ducts extend into
cupula
47
the receptors of what region respond to angular or rotational movement of the head?
cristae ampullaris
48
what houses the cristae ampullaris?
ampulla
49
sound transmitted directly into the inner ear via the bones of the skull
bone conduction
50
what does the lens do in order to see objects closer?
bulges
51
origin of the supraspinatus
supraspinous fossa of scapula
52
origin of the infraspinatus
infraspinous fossa of scapula
53
System that controls consciousness and alertness
Reticular formation
54
Final sensor for hearing
Organ of corti
55
Otoliths activate which receptors?
Maculae
56
Equilibrium the maculae senses
Static equilibrium
57
Where is the maculae located?
Vestibule
58
Insertion of biceps brachii
Radial tuberosity
59
Insertion of rotator cuff
Greater and lesser tubercle of humerous
60
prime mover for plantar flexion
triceps surae
61
prime mover for dorsiflexion
tibialis anterior
62
prime toe extensor
extensor digitorum longus
63
largest and strongest tendon in the body
achilles tendon
64
prime mover for foot inversion
tibialis posterior
65
triceps surae consists of the ...
Gastrocnemius, soleus
66
prime mover for extension at the knee
quadriceps femoris
67
hamstring muscle consists of what?
biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus
68
where do the quadriceps insert?
tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon
69
which tendon helps stabilize the shoulder joint?
tendon of the long head on the biceps brachii
70
prime mover for sticking out the tongue
genioglossus
71
function of the trasversus abdominis
compresses the abdomin
72
the aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through...
the canal of schlemm
73
what is the posterior chamber of the eye filled with?
vitreous humor
74
location of the cardiovascular and respiratory centers
medulla oblongata
75
this protrudes into the superior sagittal sinus and permits CSF reabsorption
Arachnoid villi
76
the adult spinal cord ends at this level
L1 (conus medullaris)
77
the innermost meninges
pia mater
78
what divides the frontal and parietal lobes?
central sulcus
79
the large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain
corpus collosum
80
function of the trapezius
elevates, retracts, rotates and stabilizes the scapula
81
prime mover for extension of the thigh and flexion of leg
hamstring
82
white matter tracts of the spinal cord that contain ascending information
sensory tracts

A&P (25 decks)

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