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A&P > Chapter 5 and 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 and 6 Flashcards

1
Q

A low blood calcium level

A

Hypocalcemia

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2
Q

High blood calcium level

A

Hypercalcemia

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3
Q

Where is PTH released?

A

The parathyroid glands

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4
Q

Wolff’s law

A

Bone grows or remodels in response to forces or demands placed upon it

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5
Q

Appositional growth

A

cartilage growing outside of already existing cartilage

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6
Q

interstitial growth

A

a growth from within

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7
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

absorb pressure, provide support and flexibility

transparent

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8
Q

elastic cartilage

A

-bends back to its original shape

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9
Q

fibrocartilage

A

lots of collagen fibers
great tensile strength
absorb pressure like hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

Functions of bones

A 
protections
support
levers
storage
blood cell formation
fat
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11
Q

condyle

A

large rounded articular projection

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12
Q

facet

A

smooth, flat, articular surface

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13
Q

head

A

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

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14
Q

ramus

A

arm-like bar

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15
Q

Crest

A

narrow, prominent ridge

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16
Q

epicondyle

A

raised area above a condyle

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17
Q

line

A

narrow ridge of bone

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18
Q

process

A

any bone prominence

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19
Q

spine

A

sharp, slender projection

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20
Q

fissure

A

narrow slit-like opening

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21
Q

foramen

A

round or oval opening through a bone

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22
Q

fossa

A

shallow bassin-like depression

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23
Q

meatus

A

canal-like passageway

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24
Q

sinus

A

cavity within a bone

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25
membrane covering the outside of a bone
periosteum
26
membrane lining the inside surface of a bone
endosteum
27
cell types of bone tissue
osteogenic stem cells osteoblasts osteocytes esteoclasts
28
osteoblasts
bone-forming
29
osteoclasts
break down and reabsorb bone matrix
30
osteomalacia
bone softening | -lack of calcium
31
the shaft of a long bone is also called
diaphysis
32
a bone lining that promotes bone growth in width
periosteum
33
these contain osteocytes
lacunae
34
bones that grow within tendons
sesamoid
35
central canals are connected to each other by
volkmann's canals
36
in bone, collagen is found in the
lamellae
37
spongy bone is made up of small pieces called...
trabeculae
38
the primary ossification center of a long bone is found in the
diaphysis
39
vitamins important for optiman bone deposition
A,C, and D
40
osteoid
consists of ground substance and collagen fibers
41
mineral that makes up 65% of bone mass
hydroxyapatite
42
fracture resulting from a twisting force
spiral fracture
43
area where longitudinal bone growth takes place
epiphyseal plate
44
epiphyseal line
appearance signals the end of bone growth
45
purpose of the nucleus pulposus
to absorb vertical shock
46
the function of the vertebral process
attachment sites for muscles
47
junction between the manubrium and body of the sternum
sternal angle
48
pectoral girdle is composed of the
clavicle and scapula
49
What is an inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the disc its elasticity and compression
the nucleus pulposus
50
what part of the spine allows for rotation as well as flexion and extension?
the cervical spine
51
what type of bone tissue is found in areas of less mechanical stress?
spongy bone
52
which part of the spine allows for rotation as well as flexion and extension?
the cervical spine
53
what is the function of invertebral foramina?
they allow spinal nerves to leave the vertebral canal
54
what is the inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the disc its elasticity and compressibility
nucleus pulpose
55
lamellae
weight bearing tubes of extracellular matrix in the osteon
56
trabeculae contain irregularly arranged what?
lamellae, osteocytes, and canaliculi
57
canaliculi
hair-like canals connecting lacunae
58
what is bone formation called?
osteogenesis
59
what are the 4 functional layers of the epiphyseal plate?
proliferation or growth zone hypertrophic zone calcification zone ossification zone
60
proliferation or growth zone
cartilage cells divide and form stacks or columns of cartilage cells
61
hypertrophic zone
older, stressed cartilage cells enlarge
62
calcification zone
the matrix calcifies and chondrocytes die
63
ossification zone
cartilage is replaced by bone tissue
64
which vertebra has no body?
the atlas

A&P (25 decks)

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