Chapter 5 and 6

Question 1

A low blood calcium level

Answer 1

Hypocalcemia

Question 2

High blood calcium level

Answer 2

Hypercalcemia

Question 3

Where is PTH released?

Answer 3

The parathyroid glands

Question 4

Wolff’s law

Answer 4

Bone grows or remodels in response to forces or demands placed upon it

Question 5

Appositional growth

Answer 5

cartilage growing outside of already existing cartilage

Question 6

interstitial growth

Answer 6

a growth from within

Question 7

hyaline cartilage

Answer 7

absorb pressure, provide support and flexibility

transparent

Question 8

elastic cartilage

Answer 8

-bends back to its original shape

Question 9

fibrocartilage

Answer 9

lots of collagen fibers
great tensile strength
absorb pressure like hyaline cartilage

Question 10

Functions of bones

Answer 10

protections
support
levers
storage
blood cell formation
fat

Question 11

condyle

Answer 11

large rounded articular projection

Question 12

facet

Answer 12

smooth, flat, articular surface

Question 13

head

Answer 13

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Question 14

ramus

Answer 14

arm-like bar

Question 15

Crest

Answer 15

narrow, prominent ridge

Question 16

epicondyle

Answer 16

raised area above a condyle

Question 17

line

Answer 17

narrow ridge of bone

Question 18

process

Answer 18

any bone prominence

Question 19

spine

Answer 19

sharp, slender projection

Question 20

fissure

Answer 20

narrow slit-like opening

Question 21

foramen

Answer 21

round or oval opening through a bone

Question 22

fossa

Answer 22

shallow bassin-like depression

Question 23

meatus

Answer 23

canal-like passageway

Question 24

sinus

Answer 24

cavity within a bone

Question 25

membrane covering the outside of a bone

Answer 25

periosteum

Question 26

membrane lining the inside surface of a bone

Answer 26

endosteum

Question 27

cell types of bone tissue

Answer 27

osteogenic stem cells
osteoblasts
osteocytes
esteoclasts

Question 28

osteoblasts

Answer 28

bone-forming

Question 29

osteoclasts

Answer 29

break down and reabsorb bone matrix

Question 30

osteomalacia

Answer 30

bone softening

-lack of calcium

Question 31

the shaft of a long bone is also called

Answer 31

diaphysis

Question 32

a bone lining that promotes bone growth in width

Answer 32

periosteum

Question 33

these contain osteocytes

Answer 33

lacunae

Question 34

bones that grow within tendons

Answer 34

sesamoid

Question 35

central canals are connected to each other by

Answer 35

volkmann’s canals

Question 36

in bone, collagen is found in the

Answer 36

lamellae

Question 37

spongy bone is made up of small pieces called…

Answer 37

trabeculae

Question 38

the primary ossification center of a long bone is found in the

Answer 38

diaphysis

Question 39

vitamins important for optiman bone deposition

Answer 39

A,C, and D

Question 40

osteoid

Answer 40

consists of ground substance and collagen fibers

Question 41

mineral that makes up 65% of bone mass

Answer 41

hydroxyapatite

Question 42

fracture resulting from a twisting force

Answer 42

spiral fracture

Question 43

area where longitudinal bone growth takes place

Answer 43

epiphyseal plate

Question 44

epiphyseal line

Answer 44

appearance signals the end of bone growth

Question 45

purpose of the nucleus pulposus

Answer 45

to absorb vertical shock

Question 46

the function of the vertebral process

Answer 46

attachment sites for muscles

Question 47

junction between the manubrium and body of the sternum

Answer 47

sternal angle

Question 48

pectoral girdle is composed of the

Answer 48

clavicle and scapula

Question 49

What is an inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the disc its elasticity and compression

Answer 49

the nucleus pulposus

Question 50

what part of the spine allows for rotation as well as flexion and extension?

Answer 50

the cervical spine

Question 51

what type of bone tissue is found in areas of less mechanical stress?

Answer 51

spongy bone

Question 52

which part of the spine allows for rotation as well as flexion and extension?

Answer 52

the cervical spine

Question 53

what is the function of invertebral foramina?

Answer 53

they allow spinal nerves to leave the vertebral canal

Question 54

what is the inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the disc its elasticity and compressibility

Answer 54

nucleus pulpose

Question 55

lamellae

Answer 55

weight bearing tubes of extracellular matrix in the osteon

Question 56

trabeculae contain irregularly arranged what?

Answer 56

lamellae, osteocytes, and canaliculi

Question 57

canaliculi

Answer 57

hair-like canals connecting lacunae

Question 58

what is bone formation called?

Answer 58

osteogenesis

Question 59

what are the 4 functional layers of the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 59

proliferation or growth zone
hypertrophic zone
calcification zone
ossification zone

Question 60

proliferation or growth zone

Answer 60

cartilage cells divide and form stacks or columns of cartilage cells

Question 61

hypertrophic zone

Answer 61

older, stressed cartilage cells enlarge

Question 62

calcification zone

Answer 62

the matrix calcifies and chondrocytes die

Question 63

ossification zone

Answer 63

cartilage is replaced by bone tissue

Question 64

which vertebra has no body?

Answer 64

the atlas