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A&P > chapter 11 > Flashcards

chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

gyri

A

ridges on the brains

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2
Q

sulci

A

grooves on the brain

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3
Q

fissures

A

deep grooves on the brain

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4
Q

central sulcus

A

separates the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe and the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

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5
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separatees the two hemispheres

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6
Q

transverse cerebral fissure

A

separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum

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7
Q

4 main regions of the brain

A

cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum

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8
Q

4 fluid ventricles of the brain

A

2- lateral ventricles in cerebral hemispheres

  • in diencephalon
  • dorsal to the pons
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9
Q

what is white matter composed of?

A

myelinated fiber tracts

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10
Q

3 functional areas of the cerebrum

A

sensory areas
association areas
motor areas

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11
Q

what area is responsible for voluntary eye movement?

A

frontal eye field of the cerebrum

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12
Q

4 motor areas of the cerebrum

A

primary or somatic motor cortex
premotor cortex
Broca’s area
frontal eye field

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13
Q

area responsible for speech

A

Broca’s area

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14
Q

the 5 lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

A 
frontal 
parietal
temporal
occipital
insula
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15
Q

where is the insula lobe located?

A

hidden under the temporal lobe

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16
Q

what makes up 80% of the diencphalon

A

thalamus

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17
Q

area in charge of balance

A

vestibular cortex

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18
Q

region responsible for taste?

A

gustatory cortex

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19
Q

region responsible for smell

A

olfactory cortex

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20
Q

which gland produces melatonin?

A

pineal gland

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21
Q

3 parts of the brain stem

A

medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain

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22
Q

hypothalamus

A

center for emotional response and autonomic control center

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23
Q

area responsible for language interpretation?

A

wernicke’s area

24
Q

which area is responsible for giving the feeling of a full bladder?

A

visceral sensory area

25
Q

the distinctive tree-like pattern of the cerebellar white matter

A

arbor vitae

26
Q

what is important for keeping alertness?

A

reticular formation

27
Q

what types of fibers are in transvers tracts?

A

commissural fibers

28
Q

what connects gray matter of the 2 hemispheres?

A

commissures

29
Q

what connects different parts of the same hemisphere?

A

associate fibers

30
Q

what does the corpus stratium consist of?

A

caudate nucleus and lenitform nucleus

31
Q

Factors which influence the transfer of information from the STM to LTM

A

emotional state
rehearsal
association

32
Q

what regulates how deep asleep we are?

A

reticular activating system

33
Q

what do descending pathways do?

A

conduct efferent impulses from the brain to the spinal cord

34
Q

what substances are allowed to pass through the blood-brain barrier

A

any fat soluble substances

35
Q

what is between the vertebrae and spinal dura mater?

A

cushion of fat + a network of veins in the epidural space

36
Q

where is muscle memory located?

A

premotor cortex

37
Q

which important survival centers does the medulla oblongata control?

A

cardiovascular
respiratory
additional

38
Q

where are astrocytes absent?

A

areas where the brain monitors the chemical composition of the blood

39
Q

meninges

A

membranes that cover and protect the brain and blood vessels

40
Q

function of the cerebrospinal fluid

A

to allow the CNS to float in it,
to protect it from mechanical stress and trauma
to nourish the brain

41
Q

what produces CSF?

A

choroid plexuses

42
Q

what protects the spinal cord?

A

the vertebrae, meninges, and CSF

43
Q

what area provides emotional impact that helps establish memories?

A

limbic association area

44
Q

extensions of the pia mater that secure the cord to the dura mater and protect it from moving around when the spine moces

A

denticulate ligaments

45
Q

location of FEF

A

anterior to premotor cortex

46
Q

location of gustatory cortex

A

insula

47
Q

location of olfactory cortex

A

piriform lobe of temporal lobe

48
Q

location of vestibular cortex

A

insula

49
Q

location of visceral sensory area

A

posterior to gustatory cortex

50
Q

what ascending pathways do

A

connect the spinal cord with higher areas as well as cerebellum, brain stem, and diencephalon

51
Q

anterior or ventral horns of the spinal cord

A

send axons to voluntary skeletal muscles

52
Q

posterior or dorsal horns of the spinal cord

A

receive visceral and somatic sensory imput

53
Q

lateral horns

A

thoracic and lumbar regions only

contain motor neurons of the sympathetic nervous system

54
Q

protects brain from harmful substances

A

blood-brain barrier

55
Q

helps maintain consciousness

A

recticular activating system

56
Q

thalamus

A

sorts edits and relays information

A&P (25 decks)

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