Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P > Chapter 12 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

5 taste sensations

A 
Sweet 
Sour
Salty
Bitter
Umami
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sweet

A

Sugars, saccharin, alcohol, and some amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sour

A

Hydrogen ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Salty

A

Metal ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bitter

A

Mainly alkaloids such as quinine and nicotine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Umami

A

A meaty taste caused by amino acids glutamate and aspartame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Another word for smell

A

Olfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Another word for taste

A

Gustation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of cells in the roof of the nose

A

Receptor cells
Supporting cells
Basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Substances that we smell

A

Odorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are most of the receptors for taste?

A

On the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 kinds of papillae that carry taste buds

A

Fungiform
Foliate
Vallate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 parts of the ear

A

Outer or external ear
Middle ear
Inner or internal ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Taste bud

A

A flask-shaped structure with receptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the middle ear also called?

A

Tympanic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tympanic cavity

A

small, air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity in the temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of inner ear

A

Hearing and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Three parts of the bony labyrinth

A

Cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where are basal cells located on the basal epithelium?

A

at the base of the epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where are the supporting cells on the basal epithelium?

A

surround and cushion the receptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

function of olfactory glands

A

produce fluid that helps dissolve the odorants plus watch them away so the olfactory cilia are ready for the next odorant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ear crystals

A

Also called otoliths
CaCO stones
Don’t do anything

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do changes of the position of the head do to the inner ear?

A

Leads to movement of the otolithic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which receptor do ototholiths activate?

A

Maculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what part of the ear is involved with both hearing and balance?

A

the inner ear (labyrinth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

two muscles that make sure the tension on the eardrum is adjusted to the sound pressure

A

tensor tympani and stapedius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

3 parts of the external ear

A

Pinna
external acoustic meatus
Tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

another word for the external acoustic meatus

A

auditory canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

another word for the tympanic membrane

A

eardrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what does the tympanic membrane do in response to sound?

A

vibrates and transfers sound energy to the bones of the middle ear

31
Q

conduction deafness

A

blocked sound conduction to the fluids of the internal ear

32
Q

what does balance and equilibrium rely on?

A

signals from vestibular, visual, and somatic receptors

33
Q

where are receptors for balance and equilibrium found?

A

the vestibule and the semicircular ducts

34
Q

Which structure senses dynamic equilibrium?

A

Semicircular canals

35
Q

which part of the outer ear has hairs and sebaceous and ceruminous glands?

A

the auditory canal or external acoustic meatus

36
Q

function of the pinna or auricle

A

to catch sound waves and pass them along deeper into the ear

37
Q

what tissue is the tympanic membrane made of?

A

connective tissue

38
Q

where does the eardrum or tympanic membrane transfer sound energy to?

A

the bones of the middle ear

39
Q

the small air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity in the temporal bone

A

the tympanic cavity

40
Q

function of the tympanic cavity

A

to amplify sound waves so they’re stronger when they enter the inner ear
(by a factor of 10)

41
Q

what is the organ of smell?

A

the olfactory epithelium

42
Q

Olfactory receptor cells (description)

A

bipolar neurons with radiating olfactory cilia

43
Q

what causes a smell?

A

odorants bind to receptor proteins in the olfactory cilia membranes, causing depolarization which triggers an action potential

44
Q

where is the foliate papillae located?

A

on the lateral sides of the tongue

45
Q

where is the fungiform papillae located?

A

on the upper surface of the tongue

46
Q

which papillae disappears after adolescence?

A

the foliate papillae

47
Q

what projects through a taste pore to the surface of the epithelium?

A

microvilli

48
Q

In order to be tasted, a chemical:

A

Must be dissolved in saliva

Must contact gustatory hairs

49
Q

what are substances that we taste called?

A

tastants

50
Q

the action potential from the taste cells travel though the fibers of which nerves?

A

facial nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
vagus nerve

51
Q

which receptors also influence taste?

A

Thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, nociceptors

52
Q

the earlobe

A

lobule

53
Q

what is the pinna composed of?

A

helix and the lobule

54
Q

the rim of the ear

A

helix

55
Q

the 3 tiny bones in the middle ear

A

(ossicles)
malleus
incus
stapes

56
Q

common name for the malleus

A

hammer

57
Q

common name for the incus

A

anvil

58
Q

common name for the stapes

A

stirrup

59
Q

what do the ossicles connect?

A

the eardrum with the oval window

60
Q

what connects the ossicles together?

A 
synovial joints
(held together by ligaments)
61
Q

main function of the labyrinth

A

turn physical vibrations into electrical impulses the brain can identify as sound

62
Q

what does the ear do in response to loud sounds to prevent damage to hearing receptors?

A

contracts the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles

63
Q

what are the 3 parts of the bony labyrinth filled with?

A

a fluid called perilymph

64
Q

what is inside the membranous sacs of the bony labyrinth?

A

potassium-rich endolymph

65
Q

egg-shaped cavity of the inner ear

A

vestibule

66
Q

the 2 membranous sacs of the vestibule

A

the saccule and the utricle

67
Q

membranous sac of the vestibule which is continuous with cochlear duct

A

saccule

68
Q

membranous sac of the vestibule which is continuous with the semicircular ducts

A

utricle

69
Q

what do the sacs of the vestibule house?

A

the maculae

70
Q

the 3 main chambers of the cochlea

A

scala vestibuli
scala tympani
scala media

71
Q

membrane that supports the organ of corti

A

basilar membrane

72
Q

where is the basilar membrane located?

A

between the scala mmedia and the scala tympani

73
Q

the organ that has hair cells with stereocilia that protrude into the endolymph

A

organ of corti

74
Q

damage to the neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to the auditory cortical cells

A

sensorineural deafness

A&P (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions