chapter 8

Question 1

4 special characterizations of muscle tissue

CEEE

Answer 1

contractility
excitability
extensibility
elasticity

Question 2

excitability

Answer 2

the ability to receive and respond to stimuli

Question 3

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 3

smooth
cardiac
skeletal

Question 4

contractibility

Answer 4

Ability to shorten when stimulated

Question 5

extensibility

Answer 5

Ability to be stretched

Question 6

elasticity

Answer 6

Ability to recoil to resting length

Question 7

4 functions of muscles

Answer 7

movement
stabilization
heat
posture and position

Question 8

type of connective tissue sheaths of skeletal muscle

Answer 8

epimysium
perimysium
endomysium

Question 9

epimysium

Answer 9

dense regular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle

Question 10

perimysium

Answer 10

fibrous connective tissue surrounding fascicles (groups of muscle fibers)

Question 11

endomysium

Answer 11

fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber

Question 12

fascicles

Answer 12

groups of muscle fibers

Question 13

direct muscle attachment

Answer 13

epimysium of muscle is fused to the periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage

Question 14

indirect attachment

Answer 14

connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a ropelike tendon or sheetlike aponeurosis

Question 15

what is the only striated muscle tissue?

Answer 15

skeletal

Question 16

in an isometric contraction the muscle develops tension but does not what?

Answer 16

shorten

Question 17

name for the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle cells

Answer 17

sacrolemma

Question 18

cytoplasm of skeletal muscle cells

Answer 18

sacroplasm

Question 19

endoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle cells

Answer 19

sacroplasmic reticulum

Question 20

cytoplasm of skeletal muscle cells

Answer 20

sacroplasm

Question 21

the smallest contractile or functional unit of a muscle fiber

Answer 21

sacromere

Question 22

what is a sacromere?

Answer 22

the region of a myofibril between 2 successive z discs

Question 23

what does the sliding filament model describe?

Answer 23

the process of contraction

Question 24

what are the contractile organelles of the muscle fiber?

Answer 24

myofibrils

Question 25

recruitment

Answer 25

increasing the number of active motor units

Question 26

what are self-excitatory smooth muscle cells?

Answer 26

cells that have the ability to generate their own action potential

Question 27

what is peristalsis?

Answer 27

the alternate contraction and relaxation of the outer longitudinal layer and inner circular layer

Question 28

what is another name of the single unit smooth muscle?

Answer 28

visceral smooth muscle | they are found in the walls of many viscera

Question 29

which metabolic pathway supplies the most energy for muscle contraction?

Answer 29

aerobic pathway

Question 30

which muscle fibers are primarily used for endurance-type activities?

Answer 30

fast oxidative fibers

Question 31

isotonic contraction

Answer 31

when the force generated exceeds the load and muscle has to move and shorten

Question 32

isometric contraction

Answer 32

when the force generated is not sufficient enough to move the load and the muscle does not shorten

Question 33

slow oxidative fibers

Answer 33

use aerobic pathways high fatigue resistance dark red many motichondria

Question 34

fast gycolytic fibers

Answer 34

fatigue fast

Question 35

fast oxidative fibers

Answer 35

red to pink | fatigue resistance is medium high

Question 36

where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 36

in the walls of most hollow organs (stomach, bladder, blood vessels)

Question 37

what is needed for the contraction cycle to continue?

Answer 37

CA and ATP

Question 38

one transverse tubule plus 2 adjacent terminal cisternae form what?

Answer 38

a triad

Question 39

what separates each sarcomere?

Answer 39

the z line

Question 40

what accounts for the bulk of muscle fiber volume?

Answer 40

myofibrils

Question 41

during depolarization the sarcomere is most permeable to what?

Answer 41

sodium ions

Question 42

what does the sarcoplasm reticulum store?

Answer 42

calcium

Question 43

when do actin and myosin strands not touch?

Answer 43

at rest

Question 44

what prevents actin from binding with myosin?

Answer 44

tropomyosin and troponin

Question 45

what neuron do motor neurons release to trigger a muscle contraction?

Answer 45

acetylcholine (ACh

Question 46

end plate potential

Answer 46

when the inflow of positively charged ions leads to the interior of the cells becoming less negative, causing local depolarization

Question 47

where does the action potential travel through to release calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol

Answer 47

t tubules

Question 48

what does troponin love to bind to?

Answer 48

calcium

Question 49

what do skeletal muscle fibers have that smooth muscles don't?

Answer 49

sarcomeres, myofibrils, or T tubules