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A&P > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

4 special characterizations of muscle tissue

CEEE

A

contractility
excitability
extensibility
elasticity

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2
Q

excitability

A

the ability to receive and respond to stimuli

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3
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

smooth
cardiac
skeletal

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4
Q

contractibility

A

Ability to shorten when stimulated

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5
Q

extensibility

A

Ability to be stretched

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6
Q

elasticity

A

Ability to recoil to resting length

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7
Q

4 functions of muscles

A

movement
stabilization
heat
posture and position

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8
Q

type of connective tissue sheaths of skeletal muscle

A

epimysium
perimysium
endomysium

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9
Q

epimysium

A

dense regular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle

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10
Q

perimysium

A

fibrous connective tissue surrounding fascicles (groups of muscle fibers)

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11
Q

endomysium

A

fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber

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12
Q

fascicles

A

groups of muscle fibers

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13
Q

direct muscle attachment

A

epimysium of muscle is fused to the periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage

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14
Q

indirect attachment

A

connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a ropelike tendon or sheetlike aponeurosis

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15
Q

what is the only striated muscle tissue?

A

skeletal

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16
Q

in an isometric contraction the muscle develops tension but does not what?

A

shorten

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17
Q

name for the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle cells

A

sacrolemma

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18
Q

cytoplasm of skeletal muscle cells

A

sacroplasm

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19
Q

endoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle cells

A

sacroplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

cytoplasm of skeletal muscle cells

A

sacroplasm

21
Q

the smallest contractile or functional unit of a muscle fiber

A

sacromere

22
Q

what is a sacromere?

A

the region of a myofibril between 2 successive z discs

23
Q

what does the sliding filament model describe?

A

the process of contraction

24
Q

what are the contractile organelles of the muscle fiber?

A

myofibrils

25
Q

recruitment

A

increasing the number of active motor units

26
Q

what are self-excitatory smooth muscle cells?

A

cells that have the ability to generate their own action potential

27
Q

what is peristalsis?

A

the alternate contraction and relaxation of the outer longitudinal layer and inner circular layer

28
Q

what is another name of the single unit smooth muscle?

A

visceral smooth muscle

they are found in the walls of many viscera

29
Q

which metabolic pathway supplies the most energy for muscle contraction?

A

aerobic pathway

30
Q

which muscle fibers are primarily used for endurance-type activities?

A

fast oxidative fibers

31
Q

isotonic contraction

A

when the force generated exceeds the load and muscle has to move and shorten

32
Q

isometric contraction

A

when the force generated is not sufficient enough to move the load and the muscle does not shorten

33
Q

slow oxidative fibers

A

use aerobic pathways
high fatigue resistance
dark red
many motichondria

34
Q

fast gycolytic fibers

A

fatigue fast

35
Q

fast oxidative fibers

A

red to pink

fatigue resistance is medium high

36
Q

where is smooth muscle found?

A

in the walls of most hollow organs (stomach, bladder, blood vessels)

37
Q

what is needed for the contraction cycle to continue?

A

CA and ATP

38
Q

one transverse tubule plus 2 adjacent terminal cisternae form what?

A

a triad

39
Q

what separates each sarcomere?

A

the z line

40
Q

what accounts for the bulk of muscle fiber volume?

A

myofibrils

41
Q

during depolarization the sarcomere is most permeable to what?

A

sodium ions

42
Q

what does the sarcoplasm reticulum store?

A

calcium

43
Q

when do actin and myosin strands not touch?

A

at rest

44
Q

what prevents actin from binding with myosin?

A

tropomyosin and troponin

45
Q

what neuron do motor neurons release to trigger a muscle contraction?

A

acetylcholine (ACh

46
Q

end plate potential

A

when the inflow of positively charged ions leads to the interior of the cells becoming less negative, causing local depolarization

47
Q

where does the action potential travel through to release calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol

A

t tubules

48
Q

what does troponin love to bind to?

A

calcium

49
Q

what do skeletal muscle fibers have that smooth muscles don’t?

A

sarcomeres, myofibrils, or T tubules

A&P (25 decks)

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