Chapter 16 Flashcards
Reflexes of the ANS
Visceral reflexes
2 neurons of efferent pathways
Preganglionic neurons
Ganglionic neurons
2 divisions of the ANS
Parasympathetic division
Sympathetic division
Another name for parasympathetic system
Rest-and-Relax division
Another name for the sympathetic division
Fight-or-flight division
What forms the sympathetic trunk?
23 paravertebral ganglia
function of the Rest-and-Relaxation division
- lowers Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rates
- increase Gastrointestinal tract activity
function of the “fight-or-flight” system
increases heart and respiratory rates, but inhibits digestion and elimination
structure of Preganglionic neurons
has a thin, lightly myelinated preganglionic axon
structure of Ganglionic neuron
has an unmyelinated postganglionic axon that extends to the effector organ
locations of the 23 paravertebral ganglia
3 cervical 11 thoracic 4 lumbar 4 sacral 1 coccygeal
which neurons produce the lateral horns of the spinal cord?
sympathetic neurons
what does the ANS control?
smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
which neurons release ACH?
parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
where 90% of parasympathetic fibers are located
in cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)
two types of adrenergic receptors
alpha and beta
where are nicotinic receptors located?
Motor end plates of skeletal muscle cells
where are muscarinic receptors located?
on all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers
activation of nicotinic receptors leads to what?
ALWAYS stimulation
2 types of Cholinergic receptors
Nicotinic
Muscarinic
which system controls body temperature regulation?
sympathetic nervous system
the main integration center for the ANS
hypothalamus
the structures that exhibit vasomotor tone are under control of which system?
sympathetic
where is epinephrine released from?
the adrenal medulla into the blood
