chapter 10

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

integration and command center

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

conveys messages to and from the CNS

Question 3

what does the PNS consist of?

Answer 3

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 4

3 basic function of the nervous system

Answer 4

sensory input
integratoin
motor output

Question 5

The motor division of the the PNS can be divided into which 2 systems?

Answer 5

Autonomic system

Somatic Nervous System

Question 6

The Autonomic Nervous System can be divided into which 2 systems?

Answer 6

Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic System

Question 7

what are the supporting cells?

Answer 7

neuroglia or glial cells

Question 8

6 types of glial cells

Answer 8

CNS:
astrocytes
microglia
ependymal
oligodendrocytes
PNS:
schwann cells
satellite cells

Question 9

astrocytes

Answer 9

-blood brain barrier

Question 10

microglia

Answer 10

phagocites

Question 11

ependymal cells

Answer 11

separate the CNs fluid from the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 12

oligodendrites

Answer 12

form myelin sheaths

Question 13

schwann cells

Answer 13

form myelin sheaths on PNS cells

Question 14

satellite cells

Answer 14

surround neuron bodies in the PNS

Question 15

what are clusters of cell bodies called in the PNS?

Answer 15

Ganglia

Question 16

what are clusters of cell bodies called in the CNS?

Answer 16

nuclei

Question 17

which structure of the neuron forms the receptive or input region?

Answer 17

dendrites

Question 18

what is the rough endoplasmic reticulum called in neurons

Answer 18

Nissl bodies or chromatophilic substance

Question 19

what is the call body of a neuron called?

Answer 19

perikaryon or soma

Question 20

what are bundles of processes in the CNS called?

Answer 20

tracts

Question 21

what are bundles of processes in the PNS called?

Answer 21

nerves

Question 22

what structure generates and transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body?

Answer 22

the axon

Question 23

long nerve fibers with occasional branches

Answer 23

axon collaterals

Question 24

knob like terminals that store and release neurotransmitters

Answer 24

synaptic knobs or boutons

Question 25

what makes myelinated fibers appear white?

Answer 25

the protein-lipid sheaths

Question 26

what color are unmyelinated fibers?

Answer 26

gray

Question 27

white matter

Answer 27

dense collections of myelinated fibers in the CNS or PNS

Question 28

Gray matter

Answer 28

mostly neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers in CNS or PNS

Question 29

structural neuron classifications

Answer 29

multipolar bipolar unipolar

Question 30

functional neuron classifications

Answer 30

sensory motor interneurons

Question 31

which division carries impulses from the CNS to the Peripheral effectors?

Answer 31

The motor or efferent division

Question 32

fibers that give us conscious control of skeletal muscles form which nervous system?

Answer 32

somatic or voluntary nervous system

Question 33

most abundant glial cell

Answer 33

astrocytes

Question 34

phagocytizes microorganisms and neuronal debris

Answer 34

microglia

Question 35

lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal column

Answer 35

ependymal cells

Question 36

processes wrap CNS nerve fiber, forming insulating myelin sheaths

Answer 36

oligodendrocytes

Question 37

glial cells that surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Answer 37

satellite cells

Question 38

glial cells that help determine cappillary permeability

Answer 38

astrocytes

Question 39

glial cells that surround peripheral nerve fibers and forms myelin sheaths

Answer 39

Schwann cells

Question 40

glial cells that may be ciliated

Answer 40

ependymal

Question 41

glial cells that are vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers

Answer 41

Schwann Cells

Question 42

branched glial cells

Answer 42

oligodendrocytes

Question 43

glial cells that migrate toward injured neurons

Answer 43

microglia

Question 44

2 types of biogenic amines

Answer 44

catecholamines | indolamines

Question 45

common catecholamines

Answer 45

dopamine norepinephren epinepherin

Question 46

common indolamines

Answer 46

serotonin | histamine

Question 47

most common neurotransmitter

Answer 47

ACh

Question 48

the 3 ways the terminate a neurotransmitter

Answer 48

degradation by enzymes reuptake by astrocytes or axon terminal diffusion away from the synaptic cleft

Question 49

axodendritic synapse

Answer 49

connects the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another

Question 50

axosomatic synapse

Answer 50

between the axon of one neuron and the soma of another

Question 51

graded potentials

Answer 51

incoming short-distance signals

Question 52

action potentials

Answer 52

long-distance signals of axons

Question 53

what is the effect of larger axon diameter?

Answer 53

less resistance to local current flow and faster impulse conduction

Question 54

where are voltage-gated Na+ channels located on myelinated axons

Answer 54

the nodes

Question 55

what are the is the effect of purines?

Answer 55

they produce fast or slow responses and provoke pain sensation

Question 56

Group A fibers

Answer 56

fastest fibers | thick myelin sheaths

Question 57

Group B fibers

Answer 57

intermediate diameter | lightly myelinated

Question 58

Group C fibers

Answer 58

slow and unmyelinated | smallest diameter

Question 59

IPSPs

Answer 59

inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

Question 60

EPSP

Answer 60

excitatory postsynaptic potentials

Question 61

what do IPSPs cause?

Answer 61

hyperpolarization

Question 62

what do EPSPs cause?

Answer 62

depolarization

Question 63

glial cells that line the ventricles of the brain

Answer 63

ependymal cells

Question 64

what occurs when a neuron is stimulated by more than one stimulus at the same time?

Answer 64

spatial summation