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A&P > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

integration and command center

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

conveys messages to and from the CNS

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3
Q

what does the PNS consist of?

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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4
Q

3 basic function of the nervous system

A

sensory input
integratoin
motor output

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5
Q

The motor division of the the PNS can be divided into which 2 systems?

A

Autonomic system

Somatic Nervous System

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6
Q

The Autonomic Nervous System can be divided into which 2 systems?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic System

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7
Q

what are the supporting cells?

A

neuroglia or glial cells

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8
Q

6 types of glial cells

A 
CNS:
astrocytes
microglia
ependymal
oligodendrocytes
PNS:
schwann cells
satellite cells
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9
Q

astrocytes

A

-blood brain barrier

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10
Q

microglia

A

phagocites

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11
Q

ependymal cells

A

separate the CNs fluid from the cerebrospinal fluid

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12
Q

oligodendrites

A

form myelin sheaths

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13
Q

schwann cells

A

form myelin sheaths on PNS cells

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14
Q

satellite cells

A

surround neuron bodies in the PNS

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15
Q

what are clusters of cell bodies called in the PNS?

A

Ganglia

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16
Q

what are clusters of cell bodies called in the CNS?

A

nuclei

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17
Q

which structure of the neuron forms the receptive or input region?

A

dendrites

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18
Q

what is the rough endoplasmic reticulum called in neurons

A

Nissl bodies or chromatophilic substance

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19
Q

what is the call body of a neuron called?

A

perikaryon or soma

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20
Q

what are bundles of processes in the CNS called?

A

tracts

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21
Q

what are bundles of processes in the PNS called?

A

nerves

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22
Q

what structure generates and transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body?

A

the axon

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23
Q

long nerve fibers with occasional branches

A

axon collaterals

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24
Q

knob like terminals that store and release neurotransmitters

A

synaptic knobs or boutons

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25
Q

what makes myelinated fibers appear white?

A

the protein-lipid sheaths

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26
Q

what color are unmyelinated fibers?

A

gray

27
Q

white matter

A

dense collections of myelinated fibers in the CNS or PNS

28
Q

Gray matter

A

mostly neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers in CNS or PNS

29
Q

structural neuron classifications

A

multipolar
bipolar
unipolar

30
Q

functional neuron classifications

A

sensory
motor
interneurons

31
Q

which division carries impulses from the CNS to the Peripheral effectors?

A

The motor or efferent division

32
Q

fibers that give us conscious control of skeletal muscles form which nervous system?

A

somatic or voluntary nervous system

33
Q

most abundant glial cell

A

astrocytes

34
Q

phagocytizes microorganisms and neuronal debris

A

microglia

35
Q

lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal column

A

ependymal cells

36
Q

processes wrap CNS nerve fiber, forming insulating myelin sheaths

A

oligodendrocytes

37
Q

glial cells that surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS

A

satellite cells

38
Q

glial cells that help determine cappillary permeability

A

astrocytes

39
Q

glial cells that surround peripheral nerve fibers and forms myelin sheaths

A

Schwann cells

40
Q

glial cells that may be ciliated

A

ependymal

41
Q

glial cells that are vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers

A

Schwann Cells

42
Q

branched glial cells

A

oligodendrocytes

43
Q

glial cells that migrate toward injured neurons

A

microglia

44
Q

2 types of biogenic amines

A

catecholamines

indolamines

45
Q

common catecholamines

A

dopamine
norepinephren
epinepherin

46
Q

common indolamines

A

serotonin

histamine

47
Q

most common neurotransmitter

A

ACh

48
Q

the 3 ways the terminate a neurotransmitter

A

degradation by enzymes
reuptake by astrocytes or axon terminal
diffusion away from the synaptic cleft

49
Q

axodendritic synapse

A

connects the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another

50
Q

axosomatic synapse

A

between the axon of one neuron and the soma of another

51
Q

graded potentials

A

incoming short-distance signals

52
Q

action potentials

A

long-distance signals of axons

53
Q

what is the effect of larger axon diameter?

A

less resistance to local current flow and faster impulse conduction

54
Q

where are voltage-gated Na+ channels located on myelinated axons

A

the nodes

55
Q

what are the is the effect of purines?

A

they produce fast or slow responses and provoke pain sensation

56
Q

Group A fibers

A

fastest fibers

thick myelin sheaths

57
Q

Group B fibers

A

intermediate diameter

lightly myelinated

58
Q

Group C fibers

A

slow and unmyelinated

smallest diameter

59
Q

IPSPs

A

inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

60
Q

EPSP

A

excitatory postsynaptic potentials

61
Q

what do IPSPs cause?

A

hyperpolarization

62
Q

what do EPSPs cause?

A

depolarization

63
Q

glial cells that line the ventricles of the brain

A

ependymal cells

64
Q

what occurs when a neuron is stimulated by more than one stimulus at the same time?

A

spatial summation

A&P (25 decks)

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