Final: Chapter 7 And 8- Metabolism And Growth Flashcards

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1
Q

What determines a proteins function?

A

3D shape of the protein

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2
Q

What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

A

Anabolism: any process that results in synthesis of cells molecules and structures

Catabolism: the breakdown of bonds of larger molecules into smaller molecules

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3
Q

What is an enzyme’s substrate and how does the substrate interact with the active site?

A

A substance that attaches itself to an enzyme’s active site. The shape of the substrate must fit into the active site.

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4
Q

What are cofactors and why do we require vitamins in our diet?

A

They are an organic molecule or metal ion that assist the enzyme in binding its substrate

Our bodies require them in our diet because our enzymes need them to function.

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5
Q

What is the function of an enzyme’s regulatory site?

A

They turn the active site on or off when a regulatory molecule binds with them.

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6
Q

What is denaturation and what environmental factors lead to denaturation?

A

The loss of shape and function of proteins and nucleic acid.

Environmental factors: heat, acids and bases, and other molecules

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7
Q

What is the difference between a saprobe and a parasite?

A

The difference is whether or not they produce enzymes capable of harming a host. Pathogens cannot usually survive your immune system long enough to do harm.

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8
Q

How do enzymes play a role in a pathogens virulency?

A

Pathogens produce enzymes which have specificity for various host tissues and cells. In other words the substrate for these are the host cells.

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9
Q

How do microbes (bacteria and fungi) digest their substrate?

A

They harmlessly release extracellular enzymes into their environment.

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10
Q

What do the terms psychrophile, mesophile, and thermophile mean?

A
Psychrophile= organism who’s optimum growth temp occurs between 60 degrees and are capable of growth at 32 degrees
Mesophile= optimum growth temp between 68 degrees and 113 degrees
Thermophils= optimum growth temp above 113 degrees
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11
Q

What is the pH scale? What ranges are considered acidic and alkaline? What pH is neutral?

A

pH is a measure of acids and bases
0-7= acidic
7= neutral
7-14= basic (alkaline)

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