Chapter 14 Flashcards
What are the 4 types of innate immune responses?
1) phagocytosis
2) inflammation
3) fever
4) antimicrobial proteins
What are the three types of phagocytes?
1) neutrophils
2) monocytes
3) macrophages
What are the three general activities of phagocytes?
1) to survey the tissue compartments and discover microbes, particulate matter, and injured or dead cells
2) to ingest and eliminate these materials
3) to recognize immunogenic information in foreign matter
How do neutrophils and eosinophils each respond differently to pathogens?
Neutrophils= react early in the inflammatory response to bacteria, foreign materials, and damaged tissue
Eosinohils= attracted to sites of parasitic infection, play a minor phagocytic role in antigen-antibody reactions
How are monocytes related to macrophages?
Monocytes transform into macrophages
Where are monocytes commonly found?
In the bloodstream and in the tissues
Where are macrophages commonly found?
The spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, kidney, bone, and brain
What are 3 types of specialized macrophages?
1) alveolar macrophages
2) kupffer cells in the liver
3) dendritic cells in the skin
Where would each macrophage be found in its respected location in the body?
1) alveolar= alveoli
2) kupffer= liver
3) dendritic= skin
Why are macrophages considered Antigen Presenting Cells?
They phagocytize pathogens and display their antigens on their surface
What is a phagosome?
When a phagocyte has engulfed its prey into a vacuole
What is a lysosome?
A cytoplasmic organelle containing lysozyme and other hydrologic enzymes
What is formed when a lysosome and phagosome fuse together?
A phagolysosome
What happens to ingested microbes when a phagolysosome is formed?
Other granules containing antimicrobial chemicals are released into the phagolysosome, forming a potent brew designed to poison and then dismantle the ingested material.
Name 3 examples of a PAMP
1) peptidoglycan
2) lipopolysaccaride
3) double-stranded RNA found in viruses
