Chapter 16 Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What types of antibodies are involved in a type II hypersensitivity?

A

IgM and IgG

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2
Q

What is happening (generally speaking) during a type II hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Red blood cells become the target

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3
Q

Which blood types contain (A,B, and/or O) contain antigens in the surface?

A

A & B

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4
Q

Which blood type la is surface antigens?

A

Type O

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5
Q

Which blood type is considered the universal donor and which is the universal acceptor?

A

O= universal donor (will not stimulate an immune response by a recipient of a blood transfusion)

AB= universal acceptor (have “self” tolerance to both the A & B blood cell markers)

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6
Q

Explain what would happen if an individual with Type A blood was given a transfusion with Type B blood?

A

The antibodies will attack the donor’s Red blood Cells

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7
Q

What is Rh factor?

A

Another potential antigenic factor commonly found in the surface of RBCs

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8
Q

How does a person end up with an Rh- blood type?

A

People receive only 2 recessive alleles

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9
Q

Explain how hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs

A

Occurred when an Rh- mother is pregnant with an Rh+ fetus

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10
Q

What shot is administered to prevent this disease?

A

RhoGAM shot

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11
Q

Ho is a type III hypersensitivity different form a type II?

A

The antigens are not attached to cell surfaces, rather are free floating

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12
Q

What is the difference between an Arthur reaction and serum sickness?

A

Arthus reactions are an acute immune complex mediated reaction and are usually self-limiting and cleared rapidly

Serum sickness is a systemic immune complex mediated reactions, enter circulatory system, deposited in blood vessels of the kidneys, heart, skin, and joints

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13
Q

How is serum sickness different from anaphylaxis?

A

1) depend upon IgG, IgM, or IgA instead of IgE
2) require large doses of antigen
3) their symptoms are delayed

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14
Q

What type of WBC is largely involved with a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

A

T-cells

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15
Q

Why is a type IV considered a delayed hypersensitivity?

A

Symptoms arise days after secondary contact with atigen

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16
Q

What happens when an individual who has been exposed to tuberculosis is given a tuberculosis skin test?

A

Acute inflammation of the skin appears 24-48 hours later

17
Q

What type of T-cells are involved in a tuberculosis skin test?

A

T helper cells (TH1)

18
Q

What chemicals are released in a tuberculosis skin test?

A

Cytokines

19
Q

What type of WBCs are involved in the tuberculosis reaction?

A

Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils

20
Q

Explain what happens when an individual comes in contact with poison ivy

A

Antigens penetrate the outer skin, is processed by dendritic cells, and displayed to T-Cells. The release of cytokines damage tissue and induce inflammation. The result is itchy painful blisters

21
Q

What type of T Cells is responsible for the bulk of damage in an organ transplant?

A

Cytotoxic T-cells

22
Q

What is the difference between host rejection of graft and graft rejection of host?

A

In host rejection of graft the Cytotoxic T-cells from the host attack the organ or tissue that is grafted in. In graft rejection of host passenger lymphocytes migrate out of the tissue/organ and begin to attack the recipient of the tissue/organ transplant.