Chapter 16 Part 2

Question 1

What types of antibodies are involved in a type II hypersensitivity?

Answer 1

IgM and IgG

Question 2

What is happening (generally speaking) during a type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 2

Red blood cells become the target

Question 3

Which blood types contain (A,B, and/or O) contain antigens in the surface?

Answer 3

A & B

Question 4

Which blood type la is surface antigens?

Answer 4

Type O

Question 5

Which blood type is considered the universal donor and which is the universal acceptor?

Answer 5

O= universal donor (will not stimulate an immune response by a recipient of a blood transfusion)

AB= universal acceptor (have “self” tolerance to both the A & B blood cell markers)

Question 6

Explain what would happen if an individual with Type A blood was given a transfusion with Type B blood?

Answer 6

The antibodies will attack the donor’s Red blood Cells

Question 7

What is Rh factor?

Answer 7

Another potential antigenic factor commonly found in the surface of RBCs

Question 8

How does a person end up with an Rh- blood type?

Answer 8

People receive only 2 recessive alleles

Question 9

Explain how hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs

Answer 9

Occurred when an Rh- mother is pregnant with an Rh+ fetus

Question 10

What shot is administered to prevent this disease?

Answer 10

RhoGAM shot

Question 11

Ho is a type III hypersensitivity different form a type II?

Answer 11

The antigens are not attached to cell surfaces, rather are free floating

Question 12

What is the difference between an Arthur reaction and serum sickness?

Answer 12

Arthus reactions are an acute immune complex mediated reaction and are usually self-limiting and cleared rapidly

Serum sickness is a systemic immune complex mediated reactions, enter circulatory system, deposited in blood vessels of the kidneys, heart, skin, and joints

Question 13

How is serum sickness different from anaphylaxis?

Answer 13

1) depend upon IgG, IgM, or IgA instead of IgE
2) require large doses of antigen
3) their symptoms are delayed

Question 14

What type of WBC is largely involved with a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 14

T-cells

Question 15

Why is a type IV considered a delayed hypersensitivity?

Answer 15

Symptoms arise days after secondary contact with atigen

Question 16

What happens when an individual who has been exposed to tuberculosis is given a tuberculosis skin test?

Answer 16

Acute inflammation of the skin appears 24-48 hours later

Question 17

What type of T-cells are involved in a tuberculosis skin test?

Answer 17

T helper cells (TH1)

Question 18

What chemicals are released in a tuberculosis skin test?

Answer 18

Cytokines

Question 19

What type of WBCs are involved in the tuberculosis reaction?

Answer 19

Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils

Question 20

Explain what happens when an individual comes in contact with poison ivy

Answer 20

Antigens penetrate the outer skin, is processed by dendritic cells, and displayed to T-Cells. The release of cytokines damage tissue and induce inflammation. The result is itchy painful blisters

Question 21

What type of T Cells is responsible for the bulk of damage in an organ transplant?

Answer 21

Cytotoxic T-cells

Question 22

What is the difference between host rejection of graft and graft rejection of host?

Answer 22

In host rejection of graft the Cytotoxic T-cells from the host attack the organ or tissue that is grafted in. In graft rejection of host passenger lymphocytes migrate out of the tissue/organ and begin to attack the recipient of the tissue/organ transplant.