Chapter 16 Part 1

Question 1

What are the four types of hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 1

I- Immediate hypersensitivity
II- Antibody-mediated
III- Immune complex-mediated
IV- T Cell mediated

Question 2

What type of hypersensitivity is considered immediate and involves IgE?

Answer 2

Type I

Question 3

What type of hypersensitivity is antibody-mediated, involves IgG, and complement?

Answer 3

Type II

Question 4

What hypersensitivity involves IgG and immune complexes?

Answer 4

Type III

Question 5

What hypersensitivity is considered delayed and involves T cells?

Answer 5

Type IV

Question 6

What is an allergy? How do allergies manifest?

Answer 6

A condition of altered reactivity or exaggerated immune response that is manifest by inflammation

Question 7

What is Atopy? Anaphylaxis?

Answer 7

Atopy- local allergy

Anaphylaxis- systemic reaction

Question 8

What is a sensitizing dose?

Answer 8

The initial exposure or the first time a person is exposed to the antigen

Question 9

What is produced by the body’s immune system (third line), following a sensitizing dose?

Answer 9

Memory cells and antibodies

Question 10

Why do some individuals appear to react upon forts exposure to an antigen/allergen?

Answer 10

They were exposed prior and were unaware

Question 11

How does IgE interact with mast cells and basophils during an allergic reaction?

Answer 11

They are triggered by the IgE to release chemicals which trigger inflammatory responses

Question 12

What causes the symptoms of an allergy?

Answer 12

Hystomines

Question 13

What are the four characteristics of mast cells and basophils?

Answer 13

1) ubiquitous in tissues
2) capacity to bind IgE during sensitization
3) contain secretory vesicles which contain physiologically active cytokines
4) have a tendency to degranulate

Question 14

What is hay fever (allergic rhinitis)?

Answer 14

A generic term for allergic rhinitis, a seasonal reaction to inhaled plant pollen

Question 15

Asthma is characterized by impaired breathing due to severe _____________.

Answer 15

Bronchoconstriction

Question 16

What makes asthma suffers different from people with typical allergies?

Answer 16

They are highly responsive to minute amount of inhalant allergens, food, or other stimuli.

Question 17

What is atopic dermatitis?

Answer 17

Intense itchy inflammatory condition of the skin

Question 18

What parts of the body do food allergies primarily affect? Be able to list at least three of the most common food allergens.

Answer 18

Respiratory tract, skin, gastrointestinal

Common food allergies:
Peanuts, cow’s milk, eggs

Question 19

What is the most common drug allergy?

Answer 19

Penicillin

Question 20

What is the difference between a cutaneous and a systemic anaphylactic reaction?

Answer 20

Cutaneous- inflammation that is local (small bumps like hives)

Systemic- sudden respiratory and circulatory disruption that can be fatal in as little as a few minutes

Question 21

What reaction is referred to as the “wheel and flare reaction”?

Answer 21

Cutaneous