Final: Chapter 4- Prokaryotes

Question 1

How much larger on average are eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic?

Answer 1

10x larger

Question 2

What are the 2 types of prokaryotes?

Answer 2

Bacteria and archaea

Question 3

What shape are cocci and bacilli bacteria, respectively?

Answer 3

Cocci= spherical, circular,or ball-shaped Cells

Bacilli= rod-shaped, or cylindrical

Question 4

What does bacterial arrangement describe?

Answer 4

Refers to how individual bacterial cells group together

Question 5

What is the function of the bacterial flagellum?

Answer 5

Used as a propulsion device to provide motility

Question 6

What is the function of fimbriae?

Answer 6

The play a large role in the attachment of microbes to various surfaces and the formation of biofilms

Question 7

What are the two types of bacterial gluycocalyces, and which type makes bacteria more pathogenic by preventing phagocytosis?

Answer 7

Slime layer and capsule

The capsule makes bacterial cells more pathogenic

Question 8

What are the three potential layers of the cell envelope?

Answer 8

1) cell membrane
2) cell wall
3) outer membrane

Question 9

How are the cell envelopes of gram-positives and gram-negatives different?

Answer 9

Gram-positives= have a thick cell wall and no outer membrane

Gram-negative= have a thin cell wall and have an outer membrane

Question 10

Endospores are a significant concern to the medical profession, and food canning industry, for 3 general reasons, what are they?

Answer 10

1) they are very common
2) they are difficult to kill
3) they can cause infection/disease