Chapter 7&8- Metabolism And Growth

Question 1

Why are proteins significant to the cells?

Answer 1

They are workers or tools and activities take place because of them

Question 2

What are proteins made of?

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

What determines the properties of a protein?

Answer 3

Exact type, quantity, and sequence of amino acids

Question 4

What determines a protein’s function?

Answer 4

The form of the protein

Question 5

What is metabolism?

Answer 5

Any chemical or physical reaction

Question 6

What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

Answer 6

Anabolism= binds and synthesizes

Catabolism= breaks it down

Question 7

Why are enzymes considered biological catalysts?

Answer 7

They speed up biological reactions

Question 8

What is an enzyme substrate?

Answer 8

A substance that attaches itself to an enzyme’s active site

Question 9

What is an enzyme’s active site?

Answer 9

Groove-like pocket that interacts with the substrate

Question 10

How does the “lock and key” analogy work?

Answer 10

The shape of the substrate must fit into the active site.

Question 11

What are cofactors?

Answer 11

Organic molecule or metal ions

Question 12

Why do we require vitamins in our diet?

Answer 12

Our bodies enzymes need them to function

Question 13

What is the function of an enzyme regulatory site?

Answer 13

Interact and bind with regulatory molecules that turn the active site on or off

Question 14

What is a metabolic pathway?

Answer 14

A pathway that hands a multi-series step. Each step is catalyzed by an enzyme.

Question 15

What is a pacemaker?

Answer 15

They set the rate of a pathway’s progression

Question 16

What are the three primary types of metabolic pathways?

Answer 16

Linear
Cyclic
Branched

Question 17

What is competitive inhibition?

Answer 17

When the cell supplies a molecule that resembles that enzyme’s normal substrate, which then occupies and blocks the enzyme’s active site

Question 18

What is non competitive inhibition?

Answer 18

The enzyme has two binding sites- the active site and the regulatory site; a regulator molecule binds to the regulatory site providing a negative feedback

Question 19

What is denaturation

Answer 19

The loss of shape and function of proteins and nucleic acids

Question 20

What are common environment factors that lead to denaturation?

Answer 20

Heat
Cold
Acids and bases
Other molecules

Question 21

What happens to enzymes that are either too high or too low?

Answer 21

Too low and they are too sluggish

Too high and they denature

Question 22

What are psychrophiles, mesophiles,and thermophiles?

Answer 22

Pychro= organisms whose optimum growth temperature occurs below 60 degrees and are capable of growth at 32 degrees

Meso= organism that grows at temps with optimum growth temp generally between 68-113degrees

Thermo= organism that grows optimally at temps above 113 degrees

Question 23

What is pH?

Answer 23

A measure of acids or bases

Question 24

How does pH potentially affect an enzyme?

Answer 24

Acids and bases can damage enzymes by disrupting their 3D shape and function

Question 25

What pH ranges are considered acidic, neutral, and alkaline?

Answer 25

0-7= acidic

7= neutral

7-14= alkaline

Question 26

How do enzymes play a part in pathogen’s virulency

Answer 26

Pathogens produce enzymes which have specificity for various host tissues and cells

Question 27

How is a pathogen generally different from a saprobe?

Answer 27

Whether or not they produce enzymes capable of harming a living host organism

Question 28

How do microbes digest their substrate?

Answer 28

Harmlessly release extra cellular enzymes into their environment

Question 29

What benefit does decomposition have on plants and algae?

Answer 29

The organic fertilizer that was made from decomposition is now being used by plants and algae