Chapter 15

Question 1

What are the 2 characterizing feature of the 3rd line of immunity?

Answer 1

Specificity and memory

Question 2

What types of cells (2) make up the 3rd line of immunity?

Answer 2

B & T Cells/ lymphocytes

Question 3

What is an antigen and an epitope?

Answer 3

Antigen= molecules that stimulate a response by B & T cells

Epitope= a specific region of an antitope

Question 4

What is function of memory cells?

Answer 4

The respond to antigens. If they encounter the same antigen later they respond by producing more clones to eliminate the source of the antigen

Question 5

What type of B lymphocyte produces antibodies?

Answer 5

Plasma Cells

Question 6

What are the three types of T lymphocytes

Answer 6

1) helper T cells
2) Cytotoxic T cells
3) Regulatory T cells

Question 7

From what type of precursor cell do lymphocytes develop from and in what body locations do B and T lymphocytes develop respectively?

Answer 7

Hemopoietic cells

Develop in bone marrow

Question 8

During what stage of lymphocyte development are the 500 genes coding for receptors randomly rearranged (leading to receptor diversity) ?

Answer 8

Proliferactive stage

Question 9

During what stage of lymphocyte development are lymphocytes said to be clonally selected?

Answer 9

Clonal selection & expansion

Question 10

What is clonal deletion and how does relate to autoimmune disease?

Answer 10

Process that reduces the occurrence of “self” targeting lymphocytes

Autoimmune disease is when the body attacks itself with its own immune cells

Question 11

What role do antigens presenting cells (APCs) play in the 3rd level of immune response?

Answer 11

Ingest foreign antigen

Question 12

What are the 3 types of APCs?

Answer 12

1) macrophages
2) dendritic
3) B lymphocytes

Question 13

What role do Cytotoxic T cells play in immune response?

Answer 13

Destroy compromised host cells

Question 14

What is the difference between a cell-mediated response and a humoral response?

Answer 14

Cell-mediated= T cells/ Cytotoxic T cells response

Humoral= B cell/ antibody production

Question 15

What are the two regions of an immunoglobulin?

Answer 15

Variable region and constant region

Question 16

Which type of region attaches to antigen?

Answer 16

Variable regions

Question 17

Which type of immunoglobulin is the most common and is capable of crossing the placenta?

Answer 17

Immunoglobulin G

Question 18

Which type of immunoglobulin is found both monomer and diner form plays an important role in mucosal defenses?

Answer 18

Immunoglobulin A

Question 19

Which type of immunoglobulin is found in both monomer and dimes form and plays an important role in mucosal defenses?

Answer 19

Immunoglobulin M

Question 20

Which type of immunoglobulin acts as a surface receptor for B cells?

Answer 20

Immunoglobulin D

Question 21

Which type of immunoglobulin plays a role in allergies and parasitic worm defense?

Answer 21

Immunoglobulin E

Question 22

How is the secondary (anamnestic response) different from the primary response?

Answer 22

Primary involves a latent response and secondary is immediate

Question 23

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

Answer 23

In passive the antibodies are donated from another organism

Question 24

What is the difference between natural and artificial immunity?

Answer 24

Natural is acquired through normal biological experiences, and artificial is acquire from medical procedures