Final Chap 15 Flashcards
What are the three classifications of psychologist?
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists
What kind of mental health care worker treats the majority of the American population and is responsible for mental health systems and advocacy?
Clinical social workers
What is a mental health counselor?
A masters degree holder that provides diagnostic assessment and counseling
What level of education is required to be a therapist?
A masters level
What model takes many factors into account to determine one’s risk for a psychological disorder?
The biopsychosocial model
biological makeup
social experiences
Social environment
Who is responsible for the various types of treatment?
biological treatments - psychiatrists
Psychological intervention and talk therapy - therapists
Social environment - social workers
What was the original antipsychotic treatment?
Insulin shock therapy to trigger seizures
How do typical antipsychotics work?
They reduce dopamine in the brain
What are some side effects of typical antipsychotics?
Dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness and extrapyramidal symptoms
What are the important monoamines for depression treatment?
Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine
What are the three kinds of depression medication?
MAOI, tricyclics, SSRIs
What is the main inhibitor of the nervous system?
GABA
What are the two types of GABA activity increasing drugs used to treat anxiety? Which type has less toxic effects?
Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines are more commonly used now as GABAergic enhancers
What are some problems associated with the use of benzodiazepines?
Long term effect is paradoxical (gives more anxiety and aggression), they are also addictive
What was done to prevent the addictive nature of benzodiazepines?
They were put into slow release pills
What treatment of TRD and schizophrenia uses electric currents to induce seizures?
ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)
What are the downsides of ECT?
The relapse of TRD is common, and memory loss and short term confusion occur somewhat commonly
What is the electric brain stimulation treatment that is not ECT?
TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)
What does TMS do?
It delivers small pulses to influence neuronal activity
What are some downsides to TMS?
Headache, fainting, pain, rarely seizure
What is the earliest form of psychosurgery?
Trepanation
What is the surgical solution for very severe psychosis?
Prefrontal lobotomies - separation of frontal lobe
What is the most modern form of psychosurgery?
DBS (deep brain stimulation) - implantation of electrodes to stimulate areas
What is a neurostimulator?
It is a pacemaker for the brain
What is psychoanalysis?
It is the Freudian exploration by a therapist of the unconscious mind
What is it called when a patient unconsciously creates roadblocks to the unconscious?
Resistance
What are the 3 forms of Freudian resistance?
Denial - “no more therapy”, repression - “forgetting”, or regression - “past problems”
What is the sign of a Freudian breakthrough?
Transference is when patient emotions transfer onto the therapist
What is the modified and collaborated name for Freud’s theory that is more focused on specific disorders?
Psychodynamic theory
What is systematic desnsitization?
Practicing relaxation on low SUDS score stimuli and slowly increasing the score
What chart ranks fears by SUDS?
The fear hierarchy
What is imaginal exposure?
Visualization of stressful events
What is flooding?
It is the anxiety reducing technique of keeping a client exposed to stimuli until the extinction of their reactions
Who is responsible for the theory behind humanistic (person-centered) therapy?
Rogers
What is an individual’s self-actualizing tendency?
Human inclination to reach full potential
What are the three conditions of humanistic therapy?
- Unconditional positive regard
- Empathy
- Congruence - authenticity
What does non-directive therapy imply?
That the patient leads the session more
What was Back’s outlook on treatment?
He used cognitive therapy to treat depression
What was Beck’s process?
patients would keep a thought record to record their thoughts and find healthier ways of thinking
What were the three cognitive distortions Beck observed in depression patients?
- All or nothing thinking
- Discounting the positive
- Catastrophizing
