Final Chap 10 Flashcards
What bias makes people overestimate their own intelligence?
The self-enhancement bias
What is the downside with rating intelligence on a scale?
Lower than average could lead to a low self esteem self feedback loop of poorer intelligence
What is the Flynn effect?
IQ scores are rising
What are the three hypotheses to the Flynn effect?
- Improvement in nutrition/medical care
- Improvements on education, demands of abstract thinking
- Increase in environmental complexity, necessitated adaptations in processing speed, attention etc.
What was Galton’s measure of intelligence? What were his tests and beliefs surrounding it?
(g) factor was heritable, and was measured by how well one used their senses
What were Galton’s contributions to intelligence rankings?
he contributed mostly in the field of statistics and normalcy
What does a high or low SD mean?
A high standard deviations means a high level of discrepancy, and a low STDV means a low level of discrepancy
What are the three Simon/Binet abilities of IQ?
- Direction - ability to know what to do
- Adaptation - ability to create strategies
- Criticism - ability to step back and find errors
Would a higher mental age than actual age be considered a high or low IQ?
High
What is WAIS?
Weschler adult intelligence scale
What is the upside to the Raven’s progressive matricies?
It is not language dependent
What is eugenics?
An argument that encourages reproduction of “ideal” persons and discourages reproduction of certain groups
What are some arguments against social darwinism?
It is an oversimplified version of adaptation and some of the most successful species are microbes and plants, also societies are not ecosystems
Why were the Terman eugenics results skewed towards white people?
They understood English better most likely, and SES was not controlled for
What are the two variables between intelligence and test scores?
Stereotype threat - risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s group = anxiety
conceptualization of intelligence - fixed view of intelligence = failure is an innate difference, helplessness
What are the two positives that can be worked on even if intelligence is fixed?
Rationality and expertise are quite malleable
What are the benefits of mindfulness exercises?
Working memory and attention benefits
what letter is associated with general cognitive ability?
G
What is factor analysis?
It is the usage of how related test scores are in order to determine activities of the same “factor”
What are the general differences between factor and component analysis?
Component proposes different stages of intelligence vs levels, compares strategies vs scores, and is represented by a flow chart vs a hierarchy
What is spearman’s “s” intelligence?
It is specific level intelligence that can only be applied to certain areas
What are spearman’s two theories of G intelligence?
- It composes of apprehension of one’s own experience, the education of relations, and the education of correlates
- It reflects the mental energy available in the cortex
Who contradicted Spearman’s intelligence theory and what are hos seven factors of intelligence?
Thurstone:
Word Fluency
Verbal comprehensions
Numeric abilities
Spatial visualization
memory
perceptual speed
reasoning
What are Cattell’s distinctions of intelligence?
G is composed of fluid intelligence (flexibility/novel situations) and crystalized intelligence (ability to solve problems using previous knowledge)
What is the skill of applying knowledge called?
Cognitive flexibility
What is the Wisdom paradox?
People get wiser even though there is a decline in mental function at the end of life
What are the 4 components of Emotional intelligence?
- The ability to perceive emotions
- The ability to use emotions to facilitate thought
- The ability to understand emotions
- The ability to manage emotions
What was the problem of people who had their emotion centers damaged and contributes to our idea of EI?
They could not focus on relevant information, which is the proposed role of EI
What are Sternberg’s 3 forms of intelligence?
Analytical (IQ), Creative(applying knowledge to new stuff), practical(applying practice to real world), successful (the right combination of the other three
What are the criticism to Sternberg’s theory?
- All intelligences are strongly related
- practical intelligence would be now different than G
